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testosterone (Testavan)

✓ Approved

Simple Pharma · AR · 小分子

什么是 testosterone？

testosterone 是一种小分子，由Simple Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Transdermal。

药物档案

商品名Testavan
公司Simple Pharma
药物类别小分子
分子靶点AR
给药途径Transdermal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Simple Pharma

作用机制

分子靶点

testosterone 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

testosterone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Endocrine disordersHypogonadism✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedThe Laryngoscope2026-08-08

Evaluation of the Effects of Testosterone on Voice in Transmasculine Adolescents and Young Adults.

Ma Yue Y, Arora Nikhil N, Kohli Meera M, Lappin James J et al.

Prospectively evaluate longitudinal voice changes in transmasculine adolescents and young adults (AYAs) initiating testosterone therapy. AYAs assigned female sex at birth and naïve to testosterone and voice therapy were prospectively enrolled prior to hormone initiation and followed for 12 months. Fundamental frequency (F0) during sustained vowel and connected speech, pitch range, and cepstral peak prominence smooth (CPPs) were measured monthly. Patient-reported outcome measures analyzed include VHI-10, Transgender Voice Questionnaire (TVQ), and PROMIS Anxiety and Depression scales. Fifteen individuals enrolled; 14 (mean age [SD] = 18.43 years [4.31]) completed 12-month follow-up for analysis. Speaking F0 decreased at 3 months (mean -32.9 Hz, p = 0.033) and plateaued by 9 months (p < 0.01). Sustained vowel F0 decreased earlier at 2 months (p = 0.036). Semi-tone pitch range showed no significant change across 12 months (p = 0.47). CPPs in connected speech decreased significantly from baseline at 3 months (p = 0.047) and improved but remained significantly lower than baseline at nine (p = 0.010) and 12 months (p = 0.003). VHI-10 transiently worsened at 3 months (+3.14, p = 0.033) but returned to baseline by 9 months (p = 0.42). TVQ improved significantly from baseline (51.3) to 12 months (26.5; p = 0.002). PROMIS Anxiety decreased (p = 0.018), while Depression did not (p = 0.56). Testosterone therapy in transmasculine AYAs results in progressive lowering of F0 beginning at Month 2 and stabilizing by Month 9, with improved voice-gender congruence and anxiety. This is the first prospective study with a substantial adolescent cohort, providing critical data that strengthens understanding of testosterone-related voice changes and informs best practices in gender-affirming voice care.

PMID 42567716
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PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-08-08

AI Designed Conformation Locking Peptides Target STING to Restore Diabetic Wound Healing.

Li Xinyu X, Fu Haojie H, Wang Zhe Z, Chen Xuanzhou X et al.

Diabetic foot ulcers are a major complication of diabetes characterized by persistent inflammation and impaired tissue repair, in part driven by aberrant activation of the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. Precision immunomodulation in the protease-rich wound microenvironment remains challenging because therapeutic efficacy requires both localized retention and responsiveness to pathological cues. Here, we developed an integrated AI-to-biomaterial strategy for diabetic wound repair by coupling generative AI-guided peptide discovery with microenvironment-responsive local delivery. A structure-guided deep-learning pipeline integrating RFDiffusion, ProteinMPNN, and AlphaFold2-multimer identified SCP-1, a conformation-locking peptide designed to stabilize the inactive STING dimer. To enable therapeutic translation, SCP-1 was incorporated into a dual-responsive hydrogel (Gel-SCP-1) that provides in situ gelation and MMP-9-triggered release in the wound bed. Gel-SCP-1 suppressed STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling, reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress, promoted reparative macrophage polarization, and enhanced angiogenic activity. In a full-thickness excisional wound model in db/db diabetic mice, Gel-SCP-1 significantly accelerated wound closure and improved tissue regeneration, including enhanced re-epithelialization and collagen remodeling. These findings establish an AI-to-biomaterial therapeutic paradigm for precision immunoregenerative therapy in chronic diabetic wounds.

PMID 42567706
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-08-08

Ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles incorporated into hydrogel matrix for enhanced oral delivery of celastrol to alleviate ulcerative colitis.

Li Nuannuan N, Jin Ye Y, Zhao Yating Y, Li Bo B et al.

Celastrol (Cel), a highly promising natural product isolated from traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, its poor colon-targeting efficiency, insufficient capacity to penetrate the intestinal mucus layer, and low cellular internalization significantly compromise therapeutic outcomes in UC treatment. To address these critical limitations, herein we rationally designed a exosome-hydrogel hybrid system (Cel-GDNPs@Gel) by first encapsulating Cel into ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GDNPs), which were subsequently dispersed within a glycyrrhizic acid (GA) hydrogel matrix. Experimental studies confirmed that GDNPs were successfully isolated and characterized with uniform size distribution and round- or cup-shaped morphology, and Cel was successful encapsulated into GDNPs. The GA hydrogel endowed the system with excellent pH-sensitivity and robust mucoadhesive properties, thereby facilitating enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention at the colon site. Moreover, GDNPs promoted efficient mucus penetration and cellular uptake of Cel. Notably, both GDNPs and GA could exert synergistic therapeutic effects with Cel. Accordingly, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Cel-GDNPs@Gel significantly alleviated colitis symptoms, suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuated oxidative stress, regulated macrophage polarization, promoted intestinal mucosal barrier repair, and restored intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, this delivery system exhibited favorable biosafety with no obvious systemic toxicity. Collectively, this multifunctional Cel-GDNPs@Gel platform offers a safe and effective strategy for the oral treatment of UC.

PMID 42567375
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PubMedClinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))2026-08-08

Reduced Length of ADT and ARTA With XRT in High-Risk Prostate Cancer (RELAX): A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Murthy V V, Maitre P P, Priya S S, Dhingra S S et al.

To assess the efficacy of a short, intensified regimen of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor-targeted agent (ARTA) with curative-intent external beam radiotherapy (XRT) for high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa) staged with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging. The RELAX (Reduced Length of ADT and ARTA with XRT in high-risk prostate cancer) trial is a multicentre, phase II randomised non-inferiority trial comparing 9 months of ADT and 6 months of ARTA against the standard 24-month ADT, with definitive dose-escalated hypofractionated pelvic radiotherapy for PSMA-staged non-metastatic HRPCa. The primary endpoint is 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), defined from randomisation to first biochemical or clinico-radiological recurrence or any-cause death. Secondary endpoints include biochemical failure-free survival, metastasis-free survival, overall survival, testosterone recovery, treatment-related adverse effects, and patient-reported outcomes. Participants are monitored with serial serum PSA and testosterone levels, CTCAE and PRO-CTCAE assessments, and PSMA-PETCT at recurrence. The non-inferiority margin is set at 10% absolute difference from an expected 5-year DFS of 85% in the standard arm, with intention-to-treat analysis. The trial is ethics board approved and funded by institutional intramural grant, and registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06818682). The planned accrual of 206 participants commenced in February 2025, with nearly a third of enrolment completed till date. The RELAX trial incorporates contemporary standards of PSMA-based staging, dose-escalated hypofractionated radiotherapy, and ARTA for HRPCa. The results are expected to inform the efficacy of a shorter, intensified androgen suppression strategy against the prevailing standard of long-term ADT for these patients.

PMID 42567090
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-08-08

Curdlan as a heat-irreversible gel wall material in electrostatic spray-dried solid/oil/water probiotic microcapsules: Thermal resistance and storage stability.

Liu Xiaobing X, Liang Zhiqiang Z, Li Jiarui J, Wang Yuying Y et al.

In this study, to develop a robust probiotic delivery system, high molecular weight 1,3-β-D-glucan curdlan gum (CUR) was employed as a functional wall material. It was combined with whey protein isolate and high oleic sunflower oil to prepare solid/oil/water (S/O/W) emulsion microcapsules using electrostatic spray drying (ESD) technology. Additionally, pectin and high oleic sunflower oil were utilized as functional wall materials. All the microcapsules exhibited low water content (3.66%-5.04%) and water activity (aw 0.178-0.230), which is beneficial for long-term storage stability. Following drying, the survival rate of probiotics in each treatment group exceeded 90%. It is worth noting that the microcapsules containing 5% CUR exhibit the most effective overall protective effect: following heat treatments of 63 °C for 30 min and 75 °C for 10 min, the loss of viable bacteria was only 1.18 and 1.39 Log CFU/g, respectively. After 12 weeks of storage at 4 °C and 25 °C, the survival rates were maintained at 93% and 66%, respectively. Its excellent performance is attributed to the fact that CUR can form a dense gel network structure at high temperatures, which effectively blocks heat transfer and oxygen penetration. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that microcapsules containing 5% CUR form a relatively dense physical barrier and maintain structural integrity. The above results demonstrate that incorporating CUR into a S/O/W emulsion system, combined with ESD technology, is a promising strategy for wall materials to enhance the thermal tolerance and shelf-life stability of probiotic microcapsules.

PMID 42567385
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PubMedPhysics in medicine and biology2026-08-08

Design and base validation of a small-animal hyperthermia applicator.

Kahlert Benjamin B, Rückert Michael M, Sengedorj Azzaya A, Root Konstantin K et al.

The design and base-validation of a small-animal microwave hyperthermia applicator for the adaptation of the clinically used BSD-500 hyperthermia device to function with mice. We iteratively designed and tested a 3D-printable applicator, using mouse cadavers as well as the life sciences simulation software Sim4life to optimise the applicator. The applicator uses an agarose phantom to couple the antenna to the tissue, and we determined the dielectric and thermal properties thereof. To monitor the temperatures in the cadavers during the experiments, electromagnetically stable 4-wire sensors from the clinical device were read out independently. The agarose coupling phantom was characterised dielectrically and thermally and closely approximated muscle tissue (ϵr = 51.91, σ = 0.99Sm-1 at 915MHz) and cp = (2592 ± 40)Jkg-1K-1. The independent sensor readout achieved 3Hz data collection with a sensor standard deviation from the reference thermometer smaller than 0.01◦C. In each of the validation experiments visual positioning was by itself sufficient to ensure the tumour- surrogate reached therapeutic temperatures (40 ◦C-43◦C) using only a control sensor in the agarose gel in contact with the mouse body. Extrapolating from our data, the highest temperature should occur in the gel at the antenna tip, reaching approximately 43◦C. The therapeutic zone extends to a depth of 9.3mm to 17.6mm (95% CI). The electromagnetic simulation predicted the heating-rate distribution well and was robust to changes in material properties and problem geometry. Perfusion-aware simulations based on the Pennes bioheat equation predicted at most an ≈21% reduction in tumour heating under physiological conditions, indicating that therapeutic temperatures should remain achievable in vivo. This work substantially narrows the gap towards an accessible, easy-to-use small-animal hyperthermia applicator and provides the base-validation needed before progressing to in vivo experiments.

PMID 42567188
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