若生智能
Drug Database
NE

nevirapine (nevirapine ER / nevirapine XR / nevirapine, XR)

✓ Approved

Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH · · 小分子

什么是 nevirapine？

nevirapine 是一种小分子，由Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名nevirapine ER, nevirapine XR, nevirapine, XR
公司Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

作用机制

分子靶点

nevirapine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

gag-pol, HIV-1 (gag-pol)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

nevirapine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedLasers in medical science2026-08-04

Laser-induced modulation of root dentin surface for growth factor release and enhanced stem cell response.

Mokhtari Hadi H, Fakhri Elaheh E, Sadrhaghighi AmirHouman A, Eslami Hosein H et al.

Growth factor release from dentin and subsequent cellular response are critical in endodontic regeneration procedures. This study evaluated the effects of Nd: YAG (1064 nm) and diode lasers (980 nm, 635 nm) at varying energy densities on dentin morphology, Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 release, and the biological response of stem cells to promote pulp regeneration in immature permanent teeth. Dentin blocks from extracted human teeth were treated with 1.5% NaOCl followed by pulsed Nd: YAG or continuous-wave diode lasers (average energy densities of 24, 60 and 120 J/cm2). Controls included 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA group and untreated samples. TGF-β1 release was quantified via ELISA. Cell viability (24-72 h), alkaline phosphatase activity (7 days), and surface morphology were assessed. One-way or two-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests were applied (p < 0.05). SEM analysis revealed that all lasers partially disrupted the smear layer and increased surface roughness, while SHED cells on laser-treated dentin showed flattened morphology with extended filopodia, indicating favorable cell-surface interactions. All laser groups significantly increased TGF-β1 release compared to the negative control (p < 0.05), with Nd: YAG at 60 J/cm² producing the highest levels, exceeding even the positive control (p < 0.05). Laser-treated specimens were non-cytotoxic and significantly increased ALP activity compared to the negative control (p < 0.001), with Nd: YAG at 60 J/cm² showing the highest activity, statistically higher than the NaOCl/EDTA positive control (p < 0.05). Low to moderate energy Nd: YAG and diode lasers enhanced TGF-β1 release and ALP activity without cytotoxicity, matching or exceeding EDTA treatment. Thus, laser-assisted dentin conditioning is a promising adjunctive strategy for regenerative endodontics.

PMID 42550280
阅读全文 →
PubMedAdvanced healthcare materials2026-08-04

Peptide Coacervates as Dynamic and Interactive Depots for Tetrodotoxin in Long-Acting Local Anesthesia.

Wang Xing X, Zhang Jiahao J, Liu Wen W, Wang Wanqi W et al.

Hydrophilic small-molecule therapeutics are difficult to encapsulate using conventional depot delivery systems because of their high-water solubility and rapid diffusion. Here we report a drug-interactive peptide coacervate platform for sustained release of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent site-1 sodium channel blocker used for local anesthesia. We discovered that a mussel foot protein-inspired peptide (Mfp3s-pep) interacts with TTX and undergoes spontaneous self-coacervation under physiological conditions, forming dynamic assemblies that encapsulate TTX via multivalent noncovalent interactions. The Mfp3s-pep coacervates sequester 29% of TTX and significantly prolong its release. In a rat sciatic nerve block model, the TTX-Mfp3s-pep formulation extended sensory blockade up to 10.5 h and reduced systemic toxicity by 1.5-fold, which had not been achievable with TTX alone without drug synergy. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that coacervate structures stabilize TTX through a dynamic hydrogen-bonding network and multivalent interactions. This work establishes peptide coacervates as a potential platform for delivery of hydrophilic therapeutics.

PMID 42548015
阅读全文 →
PubMedeLife2026-08-04

Thalamo-accumbal circuit adaptations following extended oxycodone abstinence.

Alonso Caraballo Yanaira Y, Li Yan Y, Constantino Nicholas J NJ, Neal Megan A MA et al.

Opioid use disorder is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and heightened relapse vulnerability following abstinence, a phenomenon known as incubation of craving. Although preclinical data suggest similar behavioral expression of opioid use between sexes, conclusive evidence on sex differences in craving and relapse across abstinence periods remains lacking. Here, we investigated the effects of abstinence from oxycodone self-administration on neurotransmission in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) to nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) pathway in male and female rats. Using optogenetics and ex vivo electrophysiology, we assessed synaptic strength, glutamate release probability, and intrinsic excitability of NAcSh medium spiny neurons (MSNs) following 1 (acute) or 14 (prolonged) days of forced abstinence. No sex differences were observed in oxycodone self-administration or somatic withdrawal. However, females exhibited greater cue-induced relapse after prolonged but not acute abstinence. Prolonged abstinence produced comparable increases in PVT-NAcSh synaptic strength and presynaptic glutamate release probability in both sexes, while inhibitory transmission and MSN excitability were largely unaltered. The dissociation between comparable circuit-level plasticity and sex-specific relapse vulnerability suggests that PVT-NAcSh strengthening represents a shared neuroadaptation to oxycodone abstinence, while mechanisms driving heightened relapse in females likely involve additional circuit elements that remain to be identified.

PMID 42550587
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of food science2026-08-04

Synergistic Preservation of Chilled Pork Using Bilayer Films: Tea Tree Oil Pickering Emulsion as Active Core and Nano-ZnO Gelatin as Protective Barrier.

Liu Shuping S, Li Peizhao P, Peng Xiuwen X, Guo Xing X et al.

A novel bilayer active packaging film was designed for chilled pork preservation to overcome the limitations of single-layer matrices. The inner food-contact layer comprised a chitosan matrix incorporating a tea tree oil (TTEO) Pickering emulsion to achieve sustained release of active agents. The outer layer consisted of gelatin embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to provide external barrier properties. This study systematically compared the structural and functional differences between the layer-by-layer casting method and traditional blending while optimizing the ZnO NP concentration. Results demonstrated that the layer-by-layer casting successfully generated a distinct structural interface, significantly improving the mechanical robustness and light-blocking capacity compared to blended films. The optimized bilayer film (loaded with 0.4% ZnO NPs) exhibited synergistic antibacterial and antioxidant effects. During chilled pork storage trials, this tailored bilayer structure effectively suppressed microbial proliferation and slowed lipid oxidation, reducing TBARS values by approximately 80% on Day 6 relative to the control. Consequently, the shelf life of chilled pork was safely extended to 6 days. This study offers a practical and structurally optimized biopolymer packaging strategy for the preservation of perishable meat products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This optimized bilayer active film provides an eco-friendly packaging alternative for chilled pork. The layer-by-layer construction achieves controlled release of tea tree oil Pickering emulsion combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles, suppressing microbial reproduction and lipid oxidation of chilled pork and extending its shelf life. The fabrication approach is easy to implement, and the developed biopolymer film is suitable for fresh meat retail packaging. This work facilitates the industrial development of sustainable active packaging to lower postharvest losses of perishable meat products.

PMID 42548240
阅读全文 →
PubMedPharmaceutical research2026-08-04

Engineering Diffusion-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems to Achieve a Desired Drug Release Profile: Mathematical Modelling and Optimisation.

Peri Daniele D, Carr Elliot J EJ, Pontrelli Giuseppe G, McGinty Sean S

Drug delivery devices offer a promising strategy for the localized treatment of disease while minimising systemic side effects. However, designing diffusion-controlled systems to achieve a prescribed drug release profile remains a major challenge due to their inherently time-varying release rates. This study aims to develop a mathematical framework to enable the rational design of such systems to achieve desired therapeutic release profiles. We develop a continuum-scale mathematical model describing diffusion-controlled drug release from a spherical microcapsule composed of a functionally graded polymer with spatially varying diffusivity and non-uniform initial drug distribution. These spatial design variables are parameterised using Bézier curves and identified via an inverse optimisation procedure based on a hybrid imperialist competitive algorithm. The framework is applied to two inverse design problems: (i) achieving near constant (zero-order) drug release over a specified time window, and (ii) reproducing prescribed release profiles defined by target checkpoints. The results show that a constant release rate can be achieved by tailoring the initial drug distribution while selecting an appropriate constant diffusivity. In contrast, more general release profiles require simultaneous optimisation of both spatially varying diffusivity and initial drug loading. The proposed framework demonstrates how mathematical modelling and optimisation can enable the rational design of diffusion-controlled drug delivery systems capable of producing tailored therapeutic release behaviours.

PMID 42547739
阅读全文 →
PubMedRSC advances2026-08-04

Corrosion protection of polypyrrole films doped with 3-nitrosalicylate on zinc substrates.

Minh Thi Tran T, Hung Ha Manh HM, Khoe Le Van LV, Duc Le Minh LM et al.

Using 3-nitrosalicylic acid (3Nisa) as the dopant and pyrrole as the monomer, Ppy/3Nisa coatings were successfully electrodeposited on zinc substrates by a simple one-step electrochemical process. SEM analysis and FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of compact and homogeneous Ppy/3Nisa films on the Zn surface. Electrochemical studies demonstrated that the incorporation of 3Nisa significantly improved the corrosion resistance of Zn in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The optimized coating (Z3) exhibited the lowest corrosion current density of 1.47 µA cm-2 and a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 98.6%. Open circuit potential measurements showed that the coated Zn substrates remained in the passive region for extended immersion times, while cyclic voltammetry revealed the stable redox behavior of the Ppy/3Nisa films, lasting for approximately 500 h. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray tests further confirmed the enhanced barrier properties and structural stability of these coatings. The improved anticorrosion performance was attributed to the dense coating structure, Zn-N/Zn-O interactions, and controlled release of 3Nisa dopant anions, which promoted the self-healing and in situ repassivation of the Zn surface. These findings suggest that Ppy/3Nisa coatings are promising materials for corrosion protection and potential Zn-based energy storage applications.

PMID 42549043
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多nevirapine