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cetirizine (QZYTIR / JDP207 / Quzyttir)

✓ Approved

Hospira Inc · HRH1 · 小分子

什么是 cetirizine？

cetirizine 是一种小分子，由Hospira Inc研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

商品名QZYTIR, JDP207, Quzyttir
公司Hospira Inc
药物类别小分子
分子靶点HRH1
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Hospira Inc

作用机制

分子靶点

cetirizine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

HRH1histamine receptor H1 (HH1R, H1R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

cetirizine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersUrticaria✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedBiomedical chromatography : BMC2026-08-01

Ultra-Sensitive and Validated method for Trace Quantification of Carcinogenic Benzene in Cetirizine Dihydrochloride.

Gharat Mithun M MM, Roy Pallavi T PT, Gosar Amit N AN, Shaikh Tabrez A TA et al.

Benzene (BENZ) is classified as a Class 1 residual solvent according to ICH Q3C guidelines due to its established classification as a Group 1 human carcinogen. During the chemical production of Cetirizine Dihydrochloride (CTZ) API, Cetirizine Dihydrochloride tablet (CTZT), Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride (LCTZ) API, and Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride tablet (LCTZT), BENZ can appear as a residual process impurity with carcinogenic risk; development of a highly sensitive quantification method is a critical requirement for pharmaceutical quality control. This study focused on developing and validating a method for detecting trace-level BENZ in CTZ and LCTZ drug substance and drug product. The method demonstrated exceptional sensitivity, with a least detectable concentration of 0.04 ppm and a quantifiable concentration of 0.12 ppm, significantly lower than the ICH-mandated safety limit of 2 ppm. Linearity and accuracy studies yielded an outstanding percentage of samples spiked BEN in the drug substance and drug product of CTZ and LCTZ and found within acceptance limit, approving the method's validity in presence of the drug atmosphere. Conventional headspace GC-FID/GC-MS are established techniques for benzene analysis; the proposed HPLC method offers a simpler, cost-effective, and validated method, making it well suited for routine quality control laboratories where GC facilities may not be readily available.

PMID 42538839
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PubMedBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2026-07-30

Antihistamines for atopic dermatitis (eczema): systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Chu Alexandro W L AWL, Wen Aaron A, Guyatt Gordon H GH, Rao Muhammad M et al.

To systematically synthesise the benefits and harms of add-on oral antihistamines for managing atopic dermatitis (eczema). Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and the European Medicines Agency databases from database inception to 5 May 2025. Randomised trials assessing add-on oral H1 antihistamines, H2 blockers, mast cell stabilisers (nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate), or their combinations. Paired reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using a modified Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2. Random effects bayesian meta-analyses synthesised atopic dermatitis severity (oSCORAD-objective scoring atopic dermatitis, 0-83; minimal important difference 8.2; lower better), itch severity (numerical rating scale, 0-10; minimal important difference 3; lower better), sleep disturbance, atopic dermatitis related quality of life, and harms. The network meta-analysis GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and Core GRADE approaches informed certainty of evidence ratings. 47 trials enrolled 6230 children and adults with primarily moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. With moderate certainty, compared with placebo, adding a first generation or second generation H1 antihistamine likely resulted in a small reduction in atopic dermatitis severity (mean difference -1.87, 95% credible interval -3.47 to -0.27) and itch severity (-0.89, -1.41 to -0.37). Although statistically detectable, these effects are well below established minimal important differences (smallest change in an outcome that a patient would identify as important). With low certainty, all studied interventions may not improve sleep disturbance or reduce atopic dermatitis exacerbations. First generation agents probably increase cognitive impairment and may increase treatment discontinuation because of adverse events (risk difference 66 more per 1000, 95% credible interval 0 to 231 more; moderate certainty). Second generation agents differ in their risk of cognitive impairment (range of mean effects 0 more per 1000 for loratadine, 16 more per 1000 for levocetirizine, and 17 more per 1000 for cetirizine). Among patients with atopic dermatitis, adding H1 antihistamines probably results in a clinically unimportant reduction in atopic dermatitis severity and itch severity, and may not reduce sleep disturbance or atopic dermatitis exacerbations. First generation agents increase cognitive impairment and may increase treatment discontinuation because of adverse events. Cognitive impairment risk differs among second generation agents. These findings provide evidence against routine antihistamine use in atopic dermatitis management and will inform updated clinical guidelines. PROSPERO CRD42022345643.

PMID 42526949
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PubMedMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2026-07-28

Beyond Minoxidil: Off-Label Therapies for Male Androgenetic Alopecia-A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analyses.

Gupta Aditya K AK, Compton Shannon A H SAH, Liddy Amanda A, Talukder Mesbah M et al.

Background: There is limited evidence on comparative effectiveness of off-label therapies approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and the unregulated ones. Objective: To evaluate and compare the molecular mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety of off-label therapies for male AGA through a network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted on 23 January 2026. We examined studies that assessed mean 6-month change in total hair density of off-label monotherapies, including topical minoxidil (2%, 5%) for male AGA. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: Our search identified 23 studies (15 off-label and 8 topical minoxidil). We found topical minoxidil 5% to be ranked most effective. Other effective therapies included melatonin (topical), diaminopyrimidine oxide 1% (topical), procyanidin 1% (topical), saw palmetto (topical), exosome-based formulation containing plant-derived extracts (subcutaneous), cetirizine 1% (topical) and finasteride (topical). Conclusions: Our results substantiate topical minoxidil 5% being the most effective option; our findings also suggest that other off-label therapies demonstrate potential clinical benefit, warranting further high-quality comparative trials.

PMID 42512824
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PubMedDrug metabolism and personalized therapy2026-07-16

The impact of antihistamine use on allergic reactions in pregnancy.

Lisiecka Maria Zofia MZ, Luczak Joanna J

Allergic diseases are common among women of reproductive age, which necessitates the use of antihistamine therapy during pregnancy while ensuring safety for both the mother and the foetus. The study aimed to determine the safety profile, pharmacological characteristics, and clinical consequences of antihistamine use during pregnancy for the maternal-foetal system. A systematic review of scientific publications for the period 2020-2025 was carried out using the PRISMA methodology with a search in five international databases, which allowed us to select 45 relevant sources analyzing pathophysiology, pharmacology, and clinical consequences. It has been established that maternal immunoglobulins of class E are transported across the placental barrier, where they may sensitise foetal mast cells in utero. Hormonal changes during pregnancy induce polarisation of the immune response towards Th2 with progressive suppression of eosinophils by 17-22 % in the second trimester and by 20-42 % in the third trimester. Population cohort studies covering more than 1.2 million pregnancies have found no statistically significant associations between the use of second-generation antihistamines and major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions or premature births. Physiological changes during pregnancy modify the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, reducing plasma protein concentrations by 20-40 %, However, cetirizine and loratadine demonstrate a favourable safety profile based on data from more than 186,000 exposures in Scandinavian registries, and the relative infant dose remains below the 5 % safety threshold. The findings support the use of second-generation antihistamines as first-line therapy for allergic diseases in pregnancy and provide an evidence base for selecting safe pharmacological agents at different gestational stages.

PMID 42461140
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PubMedThe World Allergy Organization journal2026-07-12

Forecasting seasonal allergic rhinitis through integrated analysis of social media and online drug sales data.

Tong Xunliang X, Fang Chuangsen C, Jiang Xiaowei X, Liu Lan L et al.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent, seasonally variable disease that poses a growing public health challenge. Conventional surveillance based on clinic visits and surveys is slow and may miss self-medicating patients. Integrating environmental monitoring with digital traces such as search queries and online drug purchases may provide more timely insight into allergen exposure, symptom awareness, and medication demand. We analyzed daily data for urban Beijing from March 1, 2022 to October 15, 2024, including pollen concentration (grains per 1000 mm3), the Baidu search index for "allergic rhinitis," and online purchase rates of 4 oral second-generation H1-antihistamines (loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizine, levocetirizine) from the Meituan platform, standardized per 100,000 population. Cross-correlation functions were computed on pre-whitened series to assess lead-lag relationships. A single-mediator regression framework applied to pre-whitened data and estimated with Newey-West heteroskedasticity- and autocorrelation-consistent standard errors quantified the mediating role of the Baidu Index between pollen and antihistamine purchases. ARIMAX (1,1,1) models with different exogenous inputs (pollen only, Baidu Index only, both combined) and a naïve random-walk benchmark were used to forecast 1-, 2-, 3-, and 7-day demand; performance was evaluated using RMSE, MAPE, and Pearson correlation (PCC). All 3 series exhibited pronounced and recurrent seasonal patterns, with Baidu search activity rising in close temporal alignment with pollen peaks and antihistamine purchases typically lagging by 1-2 days. Pre-whitened cross-correlations remained moderate and statistically significant around lag 0, indicating genuine contemporaneous associations after removing the shared seasonal component. Mediation analysis showed that pollen concentration had a significant total effect on antihistamine purchase rates (β = 0.34, 95% CI [0.13, 0.54]), of which approximately 47% was transmitted indirectly via the Baidu Index (indirect β = 0.16, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]). The ARIMAX (1,1,1) model integrating both pollen and Baidu Index achieved the best forecasting performance (1-day RMSE = 3.80, MAPE = 7.68%, PCC = 0.89) and consistently outperformed single-predictor models and the random-walk benchmark across all horizons. Pollen exposure influences antihistamine demand both directly and indirectly through public information-seeking behavior captured by the Baidu Index, and integrating environmental and digital data enables timely surveillance of seasonal allergic-rhinitis-related medication use.

PMID 42436900
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PubMedActa medica Indonesiana2026-07-09

Anticholinergic Burden, Falls, and the Concept of Appropriate Polypharmacy in Indonesian Geriatric Clinics: A Multicentre Observational Study.

Setiati Siti S, Azwar Muhammad Khifzhon MK, Rensa Rensa R, Sari Nina Kemala NK et al.

A high anticholinergic burden (ACB) scale score (≥3) and polypharmacy have been viewed negatively due to possible adverse events. As Indonesian multicentre data in this field are lacking, this study aimed to provide regional data related to ACB, polypharmacy, and falls, and to analyse factors potentially linked to falls. Data from community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were collected in 12 geriatric care centres through history taking and medical records. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between covariates and falls. Polypharmacy and high ACB (score ≥3) were observed in 43.9% and 1.8% of 626 older adults, respectively. The five most prescribed drug classes were calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, beta blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. The three most prescribed drugs with possible anticholinergic activity were furosemide, isosorbide dinitrate, and cetirizine. The prevalence of past-year falls was 16.8%. Falls were associated with age ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31-4.53), female sex (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.30-3.31), transient ischaemic attack and cerebrovascular accident (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.94-4.10), multimorbidity (≥3 co-morbidities) (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.07-3.03), depression (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.23), and polypharmacy (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.40-1.05). The prevalence of a high ACB score and falls were 1.8% and 16.8%, respectively. Approximately one in two older adults had polypharmacy. We observed a non-significant inverse relationship between polypharmacy and falls. This may possibly suggest appropriate polypharmacy and closer monitoring applied in geriatric settings, which requires further investigation.

PMID 42421387
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