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botulism+tetanus vaccine

✓ Approved

Microgen · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 botulism+tetanus vaccine？

botulism+tetanus vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Microgen研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

公司Microgen
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Microgen

治疗适应症

botulism+tetanus vaccine 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsBotulism✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTetanus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedCureus2026-08-04

Patient Profile and Referral Pattern in a Tertiary Care Infectious Disease Hospital of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hasan Mohammad Jahid MJ, Rabbi Mohammad Mehedi Hasan MMH, Chowdhury Abdullah Al Tahsin AAT, Hasan Zubayer Z et al.

Introduction Infectious diseases are attributable to a large proportion of the disease burden in Bangladesh. The disease profile and referral pattern of these patients are important for understanding healthcare utilization and improving system efficiency in resource-limited settings. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess the patient profiles and referral patterns at the Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at IDH, Mohakhali, Bangladesh. Using a systematic sampling, a total of 308 patients (161 outpatients and 147 inpatients) were recruited. Data regarding patients' sociodemographic, diagnosis, and referral were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the findings. Results The mean age of the patients was 31.5 years (standard deviation, SD 16), with 66% (n=204) being male subjects and 56% (n=172) residing in urban areas. Among outpatients, 93% (n=150) presented with animal bites or scratches, while inpatients presented with more severe conditions, including contagious viral infections (28.6%, n=42), tetanus (26%, n=38), and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (25%, n=37). Overall, 39.6% (n=122) of patients were institutionally referred, with higher referral rates among inpatients (68%, n=100) than outpatients (13.7%, n=22). Primary care facilities accounted for 33% (n=40) of institutional referrals. Inadequate treatment facilities (54%, n=54), shortages of specialist physicians and other staff (41%, n=41), insufficient diagnostic facilities (33%, n=33), and inadequate vaccine or medicine supply (22%, n=22) were the most common reasons for both institutional and self-referral. Conclusion A substantial number of patients were self-referred at IDH. Strengthened primary care infrastructure and referral systems would optimize tertiary care utilization and improve healthcare access in Bangladesh.

PMID 42549389
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PubMedThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2026-08-04

Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in males aged 16-26 years in Japan: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Hisamoto Koji K, Yamanaka Masaki M, Nomura Masayasu M, Kanno Nobufumi N et al.

Efficacy of the nine-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV; HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) vaccine was shown in females and inferred for males through immunobridging. We evaluated the efficacy of the 9vHPV vaccine in males aged 16-26 years. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety phase 3 trial was conducted at 22 clinical research, hospital, medical, or treatment sites in Japan, with masking of investigators, sponsor personnel, and participants. Healthy males aged 16-26 years with no history of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related lesions and no previous HPV vaccination were randomly assigned (1:1) centrally, using permutated blocks (block sizes of four), to receive three intramuscular injections of the 9vHPV vaccine or placebo (saline) at day 1, month 2, and month 6. The primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were the combined incidences of 6-month anogenital persistent infection related to HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 and HPV31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Anogenital swabs and external genital tissue samples were tested for the presence of HPV DNA. Tissue samples were adjudicated for histopathology diagnosis. The primary and secondary efficacy evaluations were tested for superiority with a margin of 0% in the per-protocol population. Another secondary endpoint was antibody responses to each vaccine-targeted HPV type at month 7; immunogenicity analyses were conducted in the per-protocol immunogenicity population. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04635423) and is completed. Between Nov 30, 2020, and Dec 25, 2021, 1059 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive the 9vHPV vaccine (n=529) or placebo (n=530). Vaccine efficacy for the primary and secondary endpoints was 89·3% (95% CI 55·4-98·2; p=0·0002) and 63·5% (2·7-86·0; p=0·023), respectively, in the initial efficacy analysis based on a visit cutoff date of Dec 29, 2023, and 91·6% (67·7-98·6) and 72·9% (38·7-89·3) in the end-of-study efficacy analysis based on a visit cutoff date of July 16, 2024. Seroconversion rates were greater than 98% for each vaccine-targeted HPV type. Injection-site adverse events were reported in 370 (70%) of 529 9vHPV vaccine recipients and 162 (31%) of 530 placebo recipients, and vaccine-related systemic adverse events in 58 (11%) vaccine recipients and 52 (10%) placebo recipients; most cases were mild or moderate. No deaths, vaccine-related serious adverse events, or discontinuations due to adverse events were reported. The 9vHPV vaccine prevents anogenital persistent infection related to vaccine-targeted HPV types in males and has an acceptable safety profile. These findings support the use of the 9vHPV vaccine in males to prevent HPV-related anogenital diseases. Merck Sharp & Dohme. For the Japanese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Material section.

PMID 42546724
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PubMedClinics in geriatric medicine2026-08-04

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Older Adults.

Al-Jabri Maha M, Rosero Christian C, Saade Elie A EA

Older adults are at an increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases partly because of physiologic changes in the immune and other body systems related to age and/or accumulating comorbidities that increase the vulnerability to infections and decrease the response to vaccines. Strategies to improve the response to vaccines include using a higher antigenic dose (such as in the high-dose inactivated influenza vaccines) as well as adding adjuvants (such as MF59 in the adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine).

PMID 42547175
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PubMedInfection and immunity2026-08-04

A multivalent subunit vaccine augments pre-existing immunity to protect against T3SS-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa but reveals immunological interference against ExlA-positive strains.

Howlader Debaki R DR, Das Sayan S, Biswas Satabdi S, Dietz Zackary K ZK et al.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a ubiquitous, opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that poses a significant threat due to its innate and acquired multidrug resistance. Novel vaccine strategies are urgently needed for vulnerable populations, many of which harbor pre-existing immunity from prior encounters with Pa. Here, we evaluated a multivalent subunit vaccine combining type III secretion system (T3SS) antigens and exolysin A (ExlA) in a nanoemulsion formulation using a clinically relevant murine pulmonary pre-exposure model. This approach allowed us to determine whether vaccination could overcome the limitations of the host's initial, ineffective immune response. Vaccination fundamentally transforms suboptimal baseline memory into a potent, multi-faceted Th1/Th17-polarized response. This globally transformed signature was characterized by significantly enhanced antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A production, both locally and systematically in the lung, with exceptionally large biological effect sizes (Cohen's d values reaching 21.35). By utilizing log10 transformation to accurately reflect pathogen growth kinetics, we demonstrated that this vaccine-augmented immunity conferred statistically significant protection following heterologous challenge. In the twice-exposed cohort, vaccination promoted superior bacterial clearance of the T3SS-positive strain, though clearance of the ExlA-positive strain was not enhanced, potentially due to immunological interference from pre-existing T3SS memory. In the thrice-exposed cohort, a functional protective threshold was observed, where high levels of natural immunity matched the vaccine-induced clearance levels. Our findings established that our vaccine formulation can effectively boost and redirect pre-existing immunity, offering a promising approach to overcome the limitations of natural exposure and protect at-risk individuals from diverse Pa infections.

PMID 42550059
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PubMedMicrobial pathogenesis2026-08-04

Development and evaluation of a virus like particle based vaccine candidate against Indian Isolate of porcine circovirus 2d in pig.

Deb Rajib R, Maity Hemanta Kumar HK, Samanta Kartik K, Madhanmohan M M et al.

Porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) is the predominant genotype etiological agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, including in India. Since currently available vaccines are mainly based on the PCV2a genotype, which is unable to offer cross protective immunity against emerging PCV2d strains, development of PCV2d specific vaccine is necessary. In this study, an indigenous virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine candidate was developed using the capsid coding gene (orf2) of an Indian PCV2d isolate expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system. Recombinant capsid protein expression and self-assembly into VLPs were confirmed by Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. The purified VLPs showed favourable thermostability as well as pH stability and elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses in in vivo porcine model. A delayed booster immunization strategy resulted in prolonged antibody persistence. In further, in vivo challenge study with virulent homologous PCV2d virus vaccinated animals were protected against PCV2 clinical signs. Further, absence of detectable viral DNA in swab and tissue samples, and markedly alleviated histopathological lesions compared with unvaccinated controls animals. Overall, these findings suggest that the indigenous PCV2d VLP vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic and provides protective immunity against homologous PCV2d challenge, highlighting its potential indigenous vaccine candidate for controlling PCVAD against PCV2d.

PMID 42546908
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PubMedJournal of medical economics2026-08-04

Indirect comparison of mRNA-1010 versus enhanced influenza vaccines in adults aged 65 years and older during the 2024-2025 US influenza season.

Joshi Keya K, Situ Aaron A, Mehta Darshan D, Li Linwei L et al.

Seasonal influenza continues to cause severe disease among older adults in the United States despite enhanced vaccine recommendations, driven by immunosenescence and vaccine mismatch with circulating influenza viruses. mRNA-based influenza vaccines (mRNA-1010), addressing some of these challenges, have been developed for this population. A previous trial found mRNA-1010 demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared to enhanced high-dose influenza vaccination. As no direct evidence exists comparing mRNA-1010 efficacy to currently available enhanced influenza vaccines (EVs), we aimed to indirectly compare the effectiveness of mRNA-1010 and licensed EVs against medically attended influenza infection among adults ≥65 years in the US. We conducted an anchored indirect treatment comparison (ITC) using the Bucher method to estimate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of mRNA-1010 vs EV, with standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccine as the anchor, using individual patient-level data from adults ≥65 years from a real-world Optum claims-based analysis and the pivotal mRNA-1010-P304 clinical trial. Target trial emulation and inverse probability weighting (IPW) were implemented to address potential bias due to cross-population differences. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative outcome definition, alternative weighting approaches and US trial sites only. Assessments of post-IPW supported a comparable common anchor for the ITC. Among adults ≥65 years, the indirect rVE of mRNA-1010 vs. enhanced vaccines against medically attended influenza was 12.82% (95% CI: -36.91%, 44.49%). Sensitivity analyses also supported these findings. mRNA-1010, a new mRNA-based influenza vaccine, was shown to be comparable to currently licensed EVs among older adults ≥65 years against medically attended influenza outcomes. Consistency of findings across sensitivity analyses support the robustness of these results. Newer influenza vaccine modalities, including mRNA-based vaccines provide an additional comparable option to existing EVs to help further reduce severe influenza disease burden among older adults ≥65 years for whom enhanced vaccines are recommended.

PMID 42550058
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