若生智能
Drug Database
ME

metronidazole (Elyzol / Pernyzol / Elyzol Dental Gel)

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 metronidazole？

metronidazole 是一种小分子，由Pfizer, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Elyzol, Pernyzol, Elyzol Dental Gel
公司Pfizer, Inc.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Pfizer, Inc.

治疗适应症

metronidazole 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsPeriodontitis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of periodontal research2026-08-05

Pharmacological Modulation of Nrf2 Signaling Regulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis.

Costa Vitória Bonan VB, de Godoi Mariely Araújo MA, Camilli Angelo Constantino AC, Nogueira Isabela Rinaldi Gomes IRG et al.

To investigate whether pharmacological modulation of Nrf2 signaling influences oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and periodontal tissue destruction in experimental ligature-induced periodontitis. Ligature-induced experimental periodontitis was established in rats treated with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator, and/or ML385, a selective Nrf2 inhibitor. Alveolar bone loss, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Nrf2 activation attenuated alveolar bone loss, reduced oxidative stress, and decreased inflammatory mediators, accompanied by improved periodontal tissue organization. In contrast, Nrf2 inhibition exacerbated inflammation and increased periodontal tissue destruction. Nrf2 signaling plays a regulatory role in periodontal inflammation and tissue breakdown. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 exerts protective effects, whereas its inhibition aggravates disease severity.

PMID 42552875
阅读全文 →
PubMedAccess microbiology2026-08-05

Comparative genomic analysis of Clostridioides difficile strains in Mexico: insights into virulence and resistance.

Ortiz-Flores C C, Romero-Rodríguez A A, Villanueva-Enríquez R R, Ceapă Corina-Diana CD et al.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a major global health threat due to the emergence of hypervirulent, multidrug-resistant lineages. However, the evolutionary dynamics and resistance-associated genomic profiles of strains circulating in underrepresented regions, such as Mexico, remain poorly characterized. Here, we present a comprehensive genomic and phylogenetic analysis of 77 Mexican C. difficile strains compared with 74 strains from other parts of the world. Using whole-genome sequencing and core-genome MLST, we identified 19 sequence types (STs) grouped across 3 clades, with hypervirulent ST01 dominating clade 2. Virulome analysis showed conserved toxin gene profiles (tcdA, tcdB and cdtAB) across strains, while clade-specific differences were observed in adhesion and survival genes. These variations, particularly pronounced in clade 2 strains from both global and Mexican collections, may contribute to enhanced persistence and transmissibility. Pangenome analysis of 151 genomes highlighted distinct genomic architectures. Clade 2, enriched in ST01 epidemic lineages, contained 5,480 genes (58% core, 42% accessory), showing a compact structure consistent with recent clonal expansion. In contrast, clade 1 displayed the highest diversity, with 8,584 genes (30% core, 70% accessory), indicative of an open and dynamic pangenome, while clade 4 showed a smaller, more conserved profile (4,784 genes, 63% core). These findings underscore the contrasting evolutionary strategies among clades. Notably, Mexican ST01 strains exhibited a distinct resistome, including the high prevalence of the vanG operon and the VanR T115A substitution (94% vs. 23% globally), as well as near-complete prevalence of the PnimBG mutation associated with reduced metronidazole susceptibility. This pattern may reflect local selective pressures associated with antimicrobial exposure. Phenotypic susceptibility testing of newly sequenced isolates showed that most ST01 strains remained susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin despite carrying resistance-associated determinants. Our findings highlight the urgent need to recognize hypervirulent and resistant C. difficile lineages arising outside traditional surveillance regions. These Mexican strains not only reflect regional antibiotic usage patterns but also represent a potential reservoir of globally significant resistance traits. This work underscores the importance of integrating genomic surveillance across all continents to refine treatment protocols, prevent outbreaks and contain the spread of resistant CDI.

PMID 42553532
阅读全文 →
PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-08-05

Prescribed medicines among pregnant women attending health facilities in Eritrea: patterns, safety, and determinants.

Abdu Nuru N, Idrisnur Saleh S, Goitom Tesfagaber Alemseghed A, Weldemariam Dawit G DG et al.

Prescribing unsafe medications during pregnancy poses significant risks for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This nationwide study assessed medication utilization patterns, safety risk classifications, and associated determinants among pregnant women in Eritrea. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 health facilities across Eritrea from October to December 2024. Data were collected through patient interviews, prescription reviews, and medical record abstractions. Medication safety was evaluated by translating Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) narrative summaries into three clinical tiers (safe, cautious, and contraindicated) and comparing them with the legacy United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) pregnancy risk categories. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 26.0 to identify factors associated with exposure to potentially unsafe medications. A total of 740 pregnant women were included, with a mean (SD) age of 26.95 (5.75) years. A total of 1,031 medicines were prescribed, with a mean of 1.39 (SD = 0.65) medications per prescription. According to the legacy US-FDA system, the prevalence of prescriptions containing potentially risky medicines (Categories C and D) was 4.2% (95% CI: 3.0, 5.9). Under the PLLR framework, 96.7% of the medications were classified as "safe," 2.4% as "cautious," and 0.9% as "contraindicated." The most common "Cautious" medications were metronidazole (n = 10) and nitrofurantoin (n = 3), while "Contraindicated" agents primarily included diclofenac (n = 5) and ciprofloxacin (n = 2). While the agreement between the two systems was high (96.7%), the Cohen's kappa (kappa = 0.486) indicated moderate concordance. Type of healthcare facility (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.11, 5.12), presence of chronic illness (AOR = 12.56; 95% CI: 3.52, 44.88), and first-trimester gestational age (AOR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.28, 8.99) were significantly associated with exposure to potentially unsafe medicines under the legacy system, while urban residence (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.23, 6.49) was a significant determinant under the PLLR framework. Prescribing practices during pregnancy were largely characterized by low polypharmacy and a predominant reliance on medications classified as lower-risk under both frameworks. However, the transition to the PLLR framework provides a more precise risk assessment, addressing the ambiguity of legacy categories. Targeted interventions are needed for high-risk groups, particularly women with chronic illnesses, those in early pregnancy, and urban residents.

PMID 42553315
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of translational medicine2026-08-05

Interaction between p-AMPK and RIPK3 reveals a mechanism by which AdipoAI suppresses necroptosis to attenuate periodontitis.

Qiu Wei W, Ding Dian D, Shao Jun J, Huang Yuxuan Y et al.

Necroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying necroptosis in gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of AdipoAI, a novel adiponectin receptor agonist, administered locally, along with its regulatory effect on necroptosis. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data using the AUCell scoring system demonstrated significant activation of necroptosis in human periodontal tissues, with GFs identified as the primary cellular target. Integrated approaches, including molecular docking, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence, revealed a physical association between phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3). Additionally, we established a mouse model of experimental periodontitis and an LPS/AZD'5582/z-VAD-fmk (LAZ)-induced necroptosis model in hGFs. Techniques including Western blotting, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the effects of AdipoAI administration. Local administration of AdipoAI significantly alleviated gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in mice. In hGFs, AdipoAI effectively suppressed the activation of p-RIPK3 and phosphorylated Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (p-MLKL) and reduced the production of inflammatory factors. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AdipoAI binds to Adiponectin Receptor 1 (AdipoR1) - adiponectin receptor interacting protein (APPL1) to activate the AMPK signaling pathway, facilitating the association between p-AMPK and RIPK3, thereby inhibiting RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis. This study is the first to unveil a mechanism by which AdipoAI suppresses GF necroptosis through p-AMPK-mediated RIPK3 regulation, offering new strategic insights and experimental evidence for targeted periodontitis therapy.

PMID 42552554
阅读全文 →
PubMedClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2026-08-04

Efficacy of beta-lactam monotherapy versus clindamycin or addition of metronidazole in peritonsillar abscess - an observational cohort study with a focus on Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Loggarfve Mattias M, Lindberg Elin E, Holm Karin K, Gisselson-Solén Marie M et al.

To compare beta-lactam monotherapy versus clindamycin or addition of metronidazole in patients with peritonsillar abscess (PTA). This population-based, retrospective cohort study compared treatment with beta-lactam monotherapy (reference) to clindamycin or addition of metronidazole in patients with PTA during 2013-2020 in the Skåne Region, Sweden. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent pharyngotonsillitis or PTA within 30 days. Odds ratio (OR) and average treatment effects (ATEs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression and inverse probability weighting (IPW), respectively, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After IPW, patient groups were assessed by standardised mean differences (SMD) and were found to be well balanced (<0.10). The primary subgroup analysis restricted the analysis to PTA caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. Sensitivity analyses included comparing penicillin monotherapy with all other regimens and classifying treatment according to the initial empiric antibiotic, irrespective of subsequent changes. A total of 899 patients were included (median age 32 years (IQR 21-45); 413/889 (47%) female). F. necrophorum was the most frequently identified pathogen, detected in 270/889 patients (30%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes in 229/889 (26%) and group C/G streptococci in 48/889 (5%). 392/899 (44%) patients were treated with beta-lactam monotherapy (96% penicillin) and 497/899 (56%) were treated with clindamycin or combination therapy with metronidazole. Recurrent pharyngotonsillitis or PTA occurred in 57/889 (6%) overall and in 39/270 (14%) in the F. necrophorum subgroup. No association between antibiotic regimen and recurrence was observed in multivariable analyses (adjusted OR 1.4 (95%CI 0.8-2.5) overall and 1.0 (95%CI 0.5-2.1) in the F. necrophorum subgroup) or IPW-analyses (IPW-derived ATEs 0.02 (95%CI -0.01 to 0.05) and 0.01 (95%CI -0.07 to 0.10), respectively. Findings were robust across sensitivity analyses. Beta-lactam monotherapy of PTA was not associated with higher recurrence rates compared to broader antibiotic therapy, including among patients with F. necrophorum infection.

PMID 42546922
阅读全文 →
PubMedOdontology2026-08-04

Does permanent tooth eruption introduce periodontal pathogens? A preliminary study.

Fong Shao Bing SB, Boyer Emile E, Marie-Cousin Alexia A, Le Gall-David Sandrine S et al.

The colonization of the periodontal sulcus by pathogenic oral bacteria may be promoted by the eruption of permanent teeth. To analyse the evolution of the oral microbiota during teeth eruption. Sub-gingival microbiome analyses (16S) of primary teeth and eruption permanent teeth sulci (case-matched) were carried out with periodontitis sample controls. A number of disease-associated bacteria including Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Fretibacterium sp. HMT 360 have been detected in erupting teeth samples but were absent in primary teeth. The formation of deeper sulcus during permanent teeth eruption may create an early colonization niche for periodontal pathogens in older children or young adults which may be implicated later in periodontal diseases.

PMID 42547723
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多metronidazole