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diclofenac (Oxa Gel / diclofenac, topical)

✓ Approved

Actavis · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 diclofenac？

diclofenac 是一种小分子，由Actavis研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Transdermal。

药物档案

商品名Oxa Gel, diclofenac, topical
公司Actavis
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Transdermal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Actavis

作用机制

分子靶点

diclofenac 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

diclofenac 针对 5 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMyositis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersRheumatoid arthritis✓ Approved
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsTraumatic shock✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersActinic keratosisPhase III

相关研究文献

PubMedMinerva medica2026-08-03

A phase III, randomized, double blind, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg + thiocolchicoside 4 mg, compared to diclofenac 75 mg monotherapy and placebo, in the treatment of acute low back pain.

Costantino Cosimo C, Kormas Theodoros T, Ploumis Avraam A, Karampinas Panagiotis P et al.

This study aimed to demonstrate the superiority of diclofenac sodium 75 mg/thiocolchicoside 4 mg/4 mL fixed-dose combination (FDC) for intramuscular (IM) injection vs. diclofenac 75 mg alone or placebo in relieving pain in patients suffering from low back pain (LBP). Adult patients with acute moderate-severe LBP, i.e., with ≥50 mm at Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) assessment and stable muscle contracture, were randomized to receive diclofenac/thiocolchicoside FDC (N.=68), diclofenac monotherapy (N.=68) or placebo (N.=69), all given IM once-daily in two consecutive days. The primary endpoint was the sum of pain intensity difference from pre-dose to Day 3 in VAS for pain - SPID(0-3). Pain was also measured twice daily up to Day 7. Mean SPID(0-3) was significantly higher with test FDC (116.2 mm) versus diclofenac (94.8 mm) and placebo (62.6 mm). The superiority of FDC over control groups was maintained up to Day 7 - SPID(0-7). Muscle contracture (expressed as Schober's index) decreased more markedly in the test group compared to controls. The results of the 24-item Roland-Morris disability questionnaire confirmed the superiority of FDC over diclofenac and placebo on physical functions. Rescue treatment (oral diclofenac) was used in fewer patients in the FDC group than in control groups. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in fewer patients in the FDC and diclofenac groups (5.9%) compared to the placebo group (16.2%). IM diclofenac + thiocolchicoside FDC was significantly more effective than diclofenac and placebo in the relief of pain and improvement of mobility in patients with acute moderate-severe LBP, and was well tolerated.

PMID 42545251
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PubMedDiscover nano2026-08-03

Topical strategies for antimicrobial delivery of peptide medicines for the management of chronic wounds.

Murthy Sasikumar S, Zhao Tan Yong TY, Neela Vasantha Kumari VK, Hassan Masriana M et al.

Chronic wounds remain difficult to manage because persistent infection, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance limit the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives because they combine broad-spectrum membrane activity with quorum-sensing interference and immunomodulatory effects but generally impose a lower resistance burden than single-target antibiotics do. This review examines topical delivery systems designed to improve AMP stability, local bioavailability, targeted release, and residence time within the wound microenvironment. Hydrogels and films provide moist, biocompatible matrices for localized and sustained peptide release, including alginate-based systems with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nanoparticle platforms, including lipid, metallic, liposomal, and micellar systems, can protect AMPs from enzymatic degradation and generate depot-like release profiles against drug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biopolymer scaffolds, microneedles, and stimuli-responsive carriers activated by pH, reactive oxygen species, temperature, light, or ultrasound provide spatiotemporal control of AMP deployment in infected wounds. These strategies are particularly relevant to chronic diabetic wounds, where delayed healing, persistent inflammation, and biofilm burden frequently coexist. Smart design elements, including extracellular matrix-mimetic nanofibers, integrated pH and cytokine sensors, cyclic peptides, and dendrimers, further extend AMP function by linking antimicrobial activity with tissue regeneration and wound monitoring. Preclinical studies report accelerated closure, reduced inflammatory burden, and biofilm disruption, but clinical translation remains limited by manufacturing scalability, dose-dependent cytotoxicity, sterilization stability, and limited human validation. Overall, next-generation topical AMP delivery systems offer a rational route to combine infection control with regenerative wound repair while reducing the reliance on conventional antibiotics.

PMID 42545459
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PubMedJAMA pediatrics2026-08-03

Dexamethasone Eye Drops to Prevent Treatment-Requiring Retinopathy of Prematurity: The DROPROP Randomized Clinical Trial.

Hellström Ann A, Petrishka-Lozenska Mariya M, Sjöbom Ulrika U, Wallander Jenny J et al.

Current treatment for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), including laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, is invasive but necessary to prevent blindness. Experimental evidence and limited clinical experience suggest that topical steroids may reduce disease progression and the need for invasive treatment. To evaluate whether dexamethasone eye drops reduce the proportion of preterm infants with prethreshold ROP progressing to treatment-requiring type 1 ROP. The DROPROP trial was a double-masked randomized clinical trial at 6 university hospitals and 8 county hospitals in Sweden. It evaluated infants born before 30 weeks' gestational age (GA), from 2022 to 2025, with severe ROP. Data analysis was performed from November 2025 to January 2026. Infants were randomized to receive dexamethasone eye drops (1 mg/mL) or placebo (saline). One eye drop was administered every day or every other day for up to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was progression to type 1 ROP requiring invasive treatment. Logistic regression adjusted for GA and site was used for the primary analysis. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Adverse events were monitored as safety outcomes. Among 100 infants, the mean (SD) GA at birth was 25.1 (1.4) weeks, 42 (42.0%) were female, and the mean (SD) birth weight was 712.9 (202.1) g. In the intention-to-treat population, type 1 ROP occurred in 10 of 50 infants (20.0%) in the dexamethasone group and 19 of 50 infants (38.0%) in the placebo group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.17-1.12; P = .08), corresponding to a relative risk reduction of 47%. In the per-protocol population, type 1 ROP occurred in 9 of 48 infants (18.8%) in the dexamethasone group vs 19 of 49 infants (38.8%) in the placebo group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.40; 95% CI 0.15-1.05). No clinically significant differences in adverse events were observed between groups. Timely administration of topical dexamethasone numerically reduced the risk of prethreshold ROP progressing to treatment-requiring type 1 ROP. Although the analysis did not reach statistical significance, these findings suggest that topical dexamethasone may be a safe, noninvasive strategy to reduce the need for invasive treatment. euclinicaltrials.eu Identifier: 2023-505318-97-00.

PMID 42545705
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PubMedThe Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne2026-08-03

A case of sporadic cutaneous T-cell lymphosarcoma in a 3-year-old Holstein cow.

Stalker Jacqueline M JM

A 3-year-old Holstein cow was presented with generalized cutaneous plaques and nodules after receiving topical eprinomectin at 136 days in milk. The cow's health was otherwise normal, she was seronegative for bovine leukemia virus, and her lesions regressed by 200 days in milk. The cutaneous form of sporadic bovine T-cell leukosis was diagnosed. Key clinical message: This report describes a case of sporadic bovine cutaneous T-cell lymphosarcoma.

PMID 42544232
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PubMedJournal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics2026-08-03

Sustained-Release Intracameral Prostaglandin Analog Implants for Glaucoma: Comparative Review and Meta-Analysis of Bimatoprost and Travoprost Delivery Systems.

Chopra Alexander L AL, Siringoringo Clyde C, Siu Sharmayne S, Francis Brian B et al.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sustained-release intracameral prostaglandin analog implants, including bimatoprost (Durysta) and travoprost (iDose TR), in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). A systematic review and pooled quantitative analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 2020 and 2025 evaluating sustained-release intracameral prostaglandin implants. Randomized and nonrandomized studies reporting intraocular pressure (IOP) and safety outcomes were included. Six studies comprising 1,047 eyes met inclusion criteria. Bimatoprost implants (10 µg and 15 µg) achieved mean IOP reductions of 6.1-6.7 mmHg at 12 months, whereas pooled slow-eluting travoprost implant data demonstrated reductions ranging from 5.5 to 7.75 mmHg depending on study design and follow-up duration. Subgroup analysis demonstrated comparable efficacy between travoprost and bimatoprost implants at 3 months; however, at 12 months, travoprost efficacy was lower than the 15 µg bimatoprost implant while remaining comparable to the 10 µg implant. Most adverse events were mild and transient. Corneal endothelial cell loss occurred in a dose-dependent manner with repeated bimatoprost administrations, particularly with the 15 µg implant, whereas no significant endothelial cell loss was reported with travoprost implants. Both implants substantially reduced topical medication burden. Sustained-release intracameral prostaglandin implants provide durable IOP reduction while decreasing dependence on topical therapy. Although efficacy differences between travoprost and bimatoprost implants appear modest, their safety profiles differ, particularly regarding corneal endothelial effects. Further long-term comparative studies are warranted.

PMID 42544565
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PubMedWomen's health (London, England)2026-08-03

Microneedling-assisted Panax ginseng exosome protocol for vulvovaginal symptoms and vulvar skin tone changes: A preliminary pilot observational study.

Park Jungwon J, Kim Su Gyeong SG, Kim Yeon-Suk YS, Park Yerin Y et al.

BackgroundNonhormonal approaches for vulvovaginal symptoms and vulvar skin concerns are increasingly being explored. However, clinical evidence for combined microneedling-assisted topical protocols in this setting remains limited.ObjectivesThis preliminary pilot observational study explored the short-term feasibility, patient-reported outcomes, tolerability, and qualitative photographic findings associated with a combined microneedling-assisted Panax ginseng exosome protocol with adjunctive inner gel use.DesignSingle-arm preliminary pilot observational study.MethodsFourteen women (mean age, 48.6 years; range, 24-63 years) underwent three treatment sessions at 2-week intervals, followed by a final assessment 2 weeks after the third treatment session, resulting in a total study duration of 6 weeks from baseline to final follow-up for each participant. Microneedling was performed on the vulvar area using a 2-mm dermaroller, followed by topical application of a Panax ginseng exosome formulation. Participants also used an adjunctive inner gel between visits. Outcomes included the Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire (VSQ), the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) questionnaire, procedural pain assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), safety observations, and qualitative clinical photographic assessment.ResultsTotal VSQ score decreased after treatment (mean change, -2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.76 to -0.95; p = 0.00648). Total DIVA score also decreased (mean change, -5.43; 95% CI, -9.55 to -1.30; p = 0.0138), with significant improvement in the daily activities domain (median change, -2.0; p = 0.00849). The emotion and sexual life domains showed directional decreases but did not reach statistical significance. Procedure-related pain was transient and generally decreased within 30 minutes after treatment. Clinical photographs showed qualitative observational changes in pigmentation intensity and skin tone uniformity. No serious adverse events were observed during the short follow-up period.ConclusionThis small uncontrolled pilot study found that the combined microneedling-assisted Panax ginseng exosome protocol with adjunctive inner gel use was associated with short-term improvements in patient-reported vulvovaginal symptoms and qualitative vulvar skin tone observations. Because of the single-arm design, small sample size, combined intervention, subjective photographic assessment, and short follow-up, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating.

PMID 42544642
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