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budesonide (Xavin / Pulairmax / Aerosial)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · NR3C1 · 小分子

什么是 budesonide？

budesonide 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Xavin, Pulairmax, Aerosial
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C1
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

budesonide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

budesonide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedEuropean journal of internal medicine2026-08-02

Particle engineering, aerosol physics, and pulmonary deposition of single-inhaler triple ICS/LABA/LAMA therapies in obstructive airway diseases.

Sorino Claudio C, Virchow Johann Christian JC, Spanevello Antonio A, Buscemi Agata A et al.

Single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) combining an inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting β2-agonist, and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (ICS/LABA/LAMA) represents the current ceiling of inhaled pharmacotherapy for moderate-to-very-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe uncontrolled asthma. Five device platforms are currently approved: two extrafine formulations delivering beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol/glycopyrronium (the Modulite solution pressurised metered-dose inhaler [pMDI] and the NEXThaler breath-actuated dry powder inhaler [DPI]); the co-suspension pMDI Aerosphere platform (budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol); the standard-particle Ellipta DPI (fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol); and the low-resistance, single-dose capsule-based DPI Breezhaler (mometasone furoate/indacaterol/glycopyrronium). Despite a shared pharmacological class, these systems differ in aerosol physics, particle engineering, intrapulmonary deposition patterns, and device-patient interaction. Furthermore, some of them are authorized only for COPD or asthma. This narrative review examines the technology and in vivo deposition evidence for each SITT platform, discusses real-world performance determinants (particle size, flow dependency, technique robustness), and proposes an expert-informed framework for patient-level device selection. Methodological limitations include reliance on in silico Functional Respiratory Imaging data when in vivo scintigraphy is unavailable, and inconsistent dose denominators across studies (emitted vs. metered dose). Cross-platform comparisons are limited by heterogeneous methodologies, and no SITT platform has demonstrated universal superiority. In platform-specific studies, NEXThaler shows relatively high lung deposition (∼55% of emitted dose) though flow-dependent; Aerosphere is robust to inhalation technique variations; Modulite provides extrafine, peripheral delivery; Ellipta and Breezhaler offer once-daily convenience with moderate deposition. Rational device selection requires structured assessment of patient inspiratory capacity, disease phenotype, coordination, and adherence. Head-to-head scintigraphy and prospective imaging-outcome studies represent major evidence gaps.

PMID 42542404
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PubMedCureus2026-07-31

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions in the Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Sarma Indrani I, Buragohain Sukainnya S, Lahon Joonmoni J, Meenu Meenakshi M et al.

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common altitude-related condition affecting individuals ascending to high elevations, presenting with headache, nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. Although several pharmacological agents have been proposed for AMS prophylaxis, their comparative effectiveness remains insufficiently established. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Major electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing pharmacological interventions for AMS prophylaxis. Data from 46 eligible studies were extracted using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and analyzed with R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The primary outcome was AMS incidence. Network geometry was mapped using network plots; treatment effects were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); and interventions were ranked using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. Risk of bias was assessed, and certainty of evidence was determined by CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis). The analysis incorporated 46 studies evaluating multiple pharmacological agents. SUCRA rankings identified inhaled budesonide as the most efficacious agent for AMS prevention, followed by acetazolamide and theophylline. Most studies demonstrated low risk of bias. Acetazolamide exhibited narrower CIs, reflecting a more robust and reliable evidence base. CINeMA showed overall moderate certainty of evidence. Inhaled budesonide had the highest probability of being the most effective pharmacological agent for AMS prevention, with acetazolamide and theophylline also demonstrating substantial efficacy. Acetazolamide remains the best-evidenced option. Additional high-quality RCTs are required to consolidate treatment hierarchies and evaluate agents with limited current data.

PMID 42535100
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PubMedJPGN reports2026-07-30

Knowledge and practice regarding eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders other than eosinophilic esophagitis among pediatric gastroenterologists of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.

Paz Sofia S, Higuera Carrillo Michelle M, Echavez Agudelo Alonso Rafael AR, Vieira Mário Cesar MC et al.

Evaluating clinical practices in the management of non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (non-EoE EGIDs) among pediatric gastroenterologists in Latin America. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a survey distributed via the REDCap platform. A total of 309 pediatric gastroenterologists and trainees from 17 Latin American countries (excluding Nicaragua and Bolivia) participated in the study. Data collection took place between March and May 2024. Sixty-five percent of respondents reported seeing fewer than five cases per year. Only 17.8% consistently collaborate with allergists. While 92.2% perform biopsies in all segments during endoscopy, just 80.9% send specimens in separate containers. Systematic endoscopic monitoring is carried out by 48.9% of practitioners. Ancillary tests such as fecal calprotectin (10.0%) and peripheral eosinophilia (19.4%) are infrequently used. The most common treatment strategies were proton pump inhibitors (44.4%) and elimination diets (40.1%), with systemic corticosteroids (17.4%), viscous budesonide (16.4%), and biologics (11.1%) being less frequently employed. There is considerable variability in clinical practice regarding non-EoE EGIDs across Latin America. These findings underscore the urgent need for consensus-based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines and highlight the importance of ongoing medical education to improve patient care in this emerging field of pediatric gastroenterology.

PMID 42529282
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PubMedBMJ open2026-07-30

Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of cardiovascular events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark.

Nielsen Mia Ritzau Ishøj MRI, Borremose Wedervang Emma E, Vognsen Anna Kubel AK, Frost Karen Hougaard KH et al.

Cardiovascular disease is a major comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies evaluating the association between inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in COPD have yielded conflicting results and a potential dose-response relationship remains unclear. To determine the association between ICS exposure and risk of CVE in COPD patients. In this nationwide, retrospective register-based cohort study, we included patients with a specialist-verified COPD diagnosis between January 2008 and January 2022. ICS exposure was quantified as mean daily budesonide-equivalent dose redeemed in the year prior to index and categorised as none, low (>0 µg/day and <400 µg/day), moderate (400-800 µg/day) or high (>800 µg/day). We assessed CVE risk using adjusted cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models, with additional sensitivity analyses including a complete-case analysis, time-varying Cox regression, Fine-Gray competing risk model, and a negative control outcome analysis. Among 82 327 patients, 8948 (10.9 %) experienced a CVE during a 1-year follow-up. In the primary analysis, low- and moderate-dose ICS was associated with a significantly reduced CVE rate compared with no ICS use. A modest decrease in CVE rate was observed for moderate-dose ICS largely across all sensitivity analyses. ICS use in COPD was not associated with an increased risk of CVE at any dose level. A modest association with reduction in CVE risk was confined to moderate-dose ICS. These findings support the cardiovascular safety of ICS and reinforce that ICS prescribing should be guided by exacerbation risk and symptom burden rather than cardiovascular concern.

PMID 42526931
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PubMedCOPD2026-07-29

A Real-World Prospective Observational Study to Describe the Safety Profile and Clinical Outcomes of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate (BGF) In Chinese Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Sun Yongchang Y, Chen Yunfeng Y, Zhang Xiuwei X, Guo Ruibin R et al.

This observational, multicenter, prospective, single-arm study (NCT04536402) aimed to describe the safety profile and clinical outcomes of Budesonide/Glycopyrrolate/Formoterol Fumarate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI) for Chinese patients with COPD in clinical practice. COPD patients who had been prescribed and had planned to take at least one inhalation of BGF MDI were followed-up for 12 weeks at 4-week intervals. The primary endpoints were incidences of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and patient global impression of change (PGIC) scale at week 4. Patients were also stratified into subgroups according to the asthma history, exacerbation history, and baseline treatment and assessed. Of the enrolled 3,317 patients, 2,137 completed and 1,180 discontinued the study. No unexpected safety signals were observed; most AEs were mild (13.2%) or moderate (7.2%). SAEs occurred in 4.9% of patients. BGF MDI was associated with decreased CAT and SGRQ total scores (mean [SD] changes from baseline: -6.7 [7.27], -14.5 [18.19]) and increased FEV1 (189 mL, n = 241) at week 12. Similar trend of improvement was also observed in the subgroups. At week 4, 84.8% rated overall PGIC status as "improved," and 87.6% were satisfied with the MDI device. In real-world practice, BGF MDI demonstrated good tolerability consistent with previous RCTs, and associated with a trend toward improvement in patients' symptoms, quality of life, and lung function, regardless of asthma history, exacerbation history, or baseline treatment. NCT04536402 (ClinicalTrials.gov), registered on 28 August 2020.

PMID 42522405
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PubMedInflammatory intestinal diseases2026-07-29

A Case of Elderly-Onset Ulcerative Colitis with Large-Vessel Giant Cell Arteritis Treated Successfully with Tofocitinib.

Mitsui Kotaro K, Ishiguro Yoh Y, Higuchi Naoki N, Yamaguchi Satoko S et al.

Large-vessel vasculitis, including Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis (GCA), is a recognized extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis (UC), but its optimal management remains unclear. GCA is the principal systemic vasculitis in individuals aged over 50 years, and large-vessel involvement may occur with or without cranial disease. We report a case of UC complicated by inflammation of the thoracic aorta and the proximal left subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries. A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with proctitis-type UC. Mesalamine was switched to rectal budesonide enema plus azathioprine owing to intolerance. One month later, fever and neck pain appeared. Continuous linear hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging extended from part of the ascending aorta through the descending aorta, involving the aortic arch and the proximal left subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries and becoming less conspicuous distally. Corresponding images of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions with spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery demonstrated matching mural enhancement, consistent with large-vessel GCA. Tocilizumab was administered, but UC relapsed, prompting adalimumab initiation, which later resulted in loss of response. Infliximab was attempted but was discontinued because of an infusion reaction. Prednisolone 10 mg/day resulted in improvement, and tofacitinib was introduced for steroid tapering. This case highlights the importance of considering large-vessel GCA in elderly-onset UC with unexplained fever and demonstrates the potential role of tofacitinib in achieving steroid-free remission and vascular inflammation, offering a potential novel therapeutic option for refractory overlap syndromes.

PMID 42524533
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