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influenza vaccine (Ultravac / Ultravak)

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Microgen · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 influenza vaccine？

influenza vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Microgen研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Ultravac, Ultravak
公司Microgen
药物类别疫苗, 大分子
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Microgen

相关研究文献

PubMedClinical & translational immunology2026-08-03

CD4+ T-cell responses directed towards A/H5N1-derived haemagglutinin peptides increase in patients with seasonal influenza A virus infection.

Allen Lilith F LF, Rowntree Louise C LC, Jenzen Mitchell M, Hagen Ruth R RR et al.

Recent outbreak of influenza A/H5N1 viral infections in birds and mammals worldwide prompted renewed concerns over an emerging H5N1-related influenza pandemic in the generally immunologically-naive global population. Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells between A/H1N1 and A/H5N1 subtypes targeting internal and surface influenza proteins have been identified in humans, indicating some protection against severe and fatal A/H5N1 infection. To detect T-cell responses towards H1 and H5 viruses, we stimulated PBMCs from patients hospitalised with seasonal influenza A viruses, alongside healthy individuals, with overlapping peptide pools spanning hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) and A/New York/18/2009 (H1N1-pdm09-like) viruses. Majority of acutely infected and healthy participants (100% and 75%, respectively) had detectable CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses towards H1-HA and H5-HA, whereas 30-80% of individuals had detectable H5-NA responses. H1 and H5 HA-specific CD4+ T-cell responses highly correlated, suggesting some level of cross-reactivity between T-cell responses directed against H1 and H5 subtypes. HA-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were increased in influenza patients compared to healthy participants. We found no differences in H1- and H5-specific T cell responses between those born pre- and post-1968, irrespective of infection status. Sequence alignment of H1 and H5 viruses identified high conservation in the HA2 stalk subunit (81.53%). CD4+ T-cell immunity towards immunodominant HA306-318 epitope, restricted by several HLA-DRB1 molecules, revealed limited cross-reactivity between Group 1 and Group 2 HA-subtypes. We define correlative H1- and H5-specific CD4+ T-cell responses during seasonal influenza A virus infection, likely reflecting some level of H1/H5 T cell cross-reactivity.

PMID 42544319
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PubMedZhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica2026-08-03

[Saposhnikoviae Radix enhances resistance to respiratory tract infection by potentiating interferon signaling].

Li Min M, Luo Zheng Z, Liu Zhe Z, Li Jun-Liang JL et al.

This study aimed to investigate the immunopharmacological mechanism of Saposhnikoviae Radix(SR) against respiratory viruses and bacteria infections based on immune signal activation. Mouse models of pneumonia induced by intranasal influenza A virus(H1N1) infection and intratracheal lipopolysaccharide(LPS) instillation were established. The effects of the water extract of SR on pulmonary CT imaging, histological damage, and inflammatory cytokine expression in lung tissues were evaluated. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages, this study analyzed the regulatory effects of the extract on macrophage proliferation and phagocytic function. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis, combined with molecular biology experiments, were employed to explore the regulatory role of the water extract of SR on the type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-Ⅰ) signaling pathway. The findings revealed that the water extract of SR significantly alleviated H1N1 infection-induced lung imaging and pathological damage in mice, reduced lung viral gene copies, and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and CXC motif chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10). Concurrently, drug treatment demonstrated similar lung tissue protective functions in the LPS-induced mouse pneumonia model. Cell experiments showed that the extract promoted proliferation of macrophages and enhanced their phagocytic capacity toward neutral red. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes upregulated by the extract of SR were significantly enriched in pathways including H1N1 infection, Toll-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, and IFN signaling. Finally, qRT-PCR and Western blot confirmed that the extract activated the interferon signaling pathway. In conclusion, the extract of SR activates innate immunity centered on IFN-Ⅰ signaling and enhances macrophage function, thereby improving the host's defense against viral and bacterial infections. It possesses potential preventive and therapeutic value for respiratory tract infection-associated pneumonia and lung injury.

PMID 42543264
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PubMedHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026-08-03

Addressing HPV vaccine hesitancy and misinformation in India through public health communication strategies.

Jindal Robin R, R Ragendu R, Ghanghas Naman N, Gupta Raktima R et al.

India witnessed a significant step forward in cervical cancer prevention and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage with the rollout of a nationwide free HPV vaccination drive aimed at vaccinating 14‑y‑old girls. However, the campaign's success rate can be significantly reduced if timely measures to tackle vaccine hesitancy and related misinformation are not taken into account. This commentary article discusses the effects of HPV vaccine misinformation, identifies global vaccine hesitancy factors, and highlights behavioral determinants affecting HPV vaccine hesitancy and its coverage in India. It identifies low awareness, misconceptions, sociocultural beliefs, stigma, safety concerns, weak injunctive norms, parental resistance, urban-rural disparities, and health system barriers as key challenges associated with vaccine hesitancy and low vaccine uptake among adolescents in India. Using an integrated Health Belief Model (HBM) and COM-B theoretical framework, it proposes a culturally sensitive, evidence-based multifactorial communication strategy focused on raising awareness, building trust, countering misinformation, capacity building of healthcare providers, and enhancing opportunities for the adoption of HPV preventive behavior. The commentary highlights the need to actively engage parents, adolescents, healthcare providers, educators, influencers, media, and community members to strengthen vaccine confidence, social norms, and support India's broader cervical cancer prevention goals in alignment with WHO's 90-70-90 targets by 2030.

PMID 42544634
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PubMedJournal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM2026-08-03

Vaccine antibody responses in children with inborn errors of metabolism on protein-restricted diets: an overlooked silent risk?

Yılmazbaş Nimet Pınar NP, Çakar Nafiye Emel NE, Yıldız Sevil S, Karamanlı Gamze G et al.

Despite routine vaccination recommendations, concerns remain about vaccine-induced immune responses in some patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Therefore, antibody levels against vaccine antigens should be monitored to detect possible immune dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vaccine antibody responses among children with IEM who have to follow protein restricted diet, and to compare with those in healthy children, and also to identify the factors affecting vaccine antibody responses in these patients. Anti-HBs and measles immunoglobulin G results of 25 patients diagnosed with amino acid metabolism disorder; phenylketonuria, organic acidemia, homocystinuria and urea cycle disorder, and 58 healthy children of the same age and gender were recorded. Seropositivity rates and titers were compared between two groups, and also with age, daily protein intake, diet duration, total protein, albumin and hemoglobin levels. Seropositivity against hepatitis B was 64 %, and against measles was 80 % in the patient group, and these seropositivity rates were lower than those in the control group. These results show that the trend of the findings was maintained even after adjustment for age. No significant differences in vaccine antibody responses was found among disease subgroups. As children receiving long-term protein-restricted diets may demonstrate reduced vaccine antibody responses, these findings warrant confirmation in larger prospective studies. We believe that vaccine antibody responses should also be reviewed during metabolic follow-up in these patients.

PMID 42544393
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PubMedAvian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A2026-08-03

Identification of a reassortant infectious bursal disease virus (genotype A3B1) in the United Kingdom: pathogenicity and immune complex vaccine efficacy.

Bech Gregori G, Marzo Elena E, Blake-Dyke Christian C, Busquet Marta M et al.

The immunosuppressive effects of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), together with its ongoing genome evolution, still represent a major challenge for poultry farmers. This study characterized a novel reassortant IBDV strain, named UK2020, which was isolated in broiler farms from the United Kingdom in 2020 and has now spread across Europe. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that UK2020 belongs to the genotype A3B1, with segment A derived from a very virulent strain (vvIBDV) and segment B from a classical attenuated virus. The pathogenicity studies conducted in both specific-pathogen-free and commercial broiler chickens, with and without maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs), demonstrated that UK2020 caused subclinical infections. These infections resulted in splenomegaly, moderate inflammation of the bursa with histopathological changes, such as lymphoid depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration and plical oedema, and a significant humoral response, despite the absence of clinical signs. The efficacy of a commercial IBD immune complex (Icx) vaccine was also evaluated. Vaccinated birds showed significantly higher antibody titres and reduced lymphoid organ damage compared to mock-vaccinated controls. These results highlight the need for continuous field surveillance to monitor the circulation and impact of reassortant IBDV strains under the current control programmes. The complete sequencing of segments A and B is essential for accurate detection and classification of such strains. The use of Icx vaccines may contribute to mitigating bursal and splenic lesions associated with A3B1 infections like UK2020, especially in flocks with variable MDA levels.

PMID 42544918
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PubMedPsychology & health2026-08-03

Predicting parents' COVID-19 vaccination intentions and behavior for their children: application of an integrated social cognition model.

Griffith Zoe M ZM, Royer Zoe Z, Gaffney Amber M AM, Hagger Martin S MS

Identifying modifiable determinants of parent-for-child vaccination may inform interventions for ongoing management of infectious diseases including COVID-19. We tested an integrated theoretical model in which social cognition constructs (coping appraisals, anticipated regret, moral norms) mediated effects of dispositional constructs (political orientation, conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy) on parent-for-child COVID-19 vaccination intention and behaviour. In a prospective correlational study, US parents (N = 497) with an unvaccinated child completed political orientation, conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and social cognition construct measures referring to COVID-19 vaccination for their child. Parents reported their vaccination behaviour for their child five weeks later. Consistent with predictions, we observed indirect effects of political orientation and vaccination hesitancy on intentions mediated by coping efficacy, anticipated regret, and moral norms, and sums of indirect effects of political orientation, conspiracy beliefs, and vaccine hesitancy on intention mediated by social cognition constructs. We also observed a sum of indirect effects of vaccine hesitancy on behaviour. Findings contribute to an evidence base for the effects of dispositional and social cognition constructs of parent-for-child COVID-19 vaccination intentions and behaviour and signal a candidate mechanism. Findings may provide formative evidence for developing interventions to manage childhood COVID-19 infection rates.

PMID 42543244
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