travoprost (Travatan Z / Travantan Z / Travatanz)

The impact of 1-hour plasma glucose on the metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Huang Xiu X, Lu Nan N, Yu Hui H, Yang Fan F et al.

To investigate the impact of 1-hour plasma glucose (1 h-PG) on the metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This multicenter study analyzed 970 PCOS patients (2019-2025), including 289 undergoing assisted reproductive technology (198 successful deliveries). Participants were stratified by glucose tolerance: Group 1 (normal: fasting PG [FPG] ≤ 6.1, 1 h-PG < 8.6, 2-hour PG [2 h-PG] <7.8 mmol/L); Group 2 (isolated 1 h-prediabetes: 8.6 ≤ 1 h-PG < 11.6, FPG ≤ 6.1, 2 h-PG < 7.8 mmol/L); Group 3 (traditional 2 h-prediabetes: 7.8 ≤ 2 h-PG ≤ 11.1, FPG ≤ 6.1 mmol/L). Data included anthropometrics, metabolic biomarkers, sex hormones, and pregnancy outcomes were compared across three groups. PCOS with isolated 1 h-prediabetes (Group 2) had a more unfavorable metabolic profile with regard to metabolic traits, but were not significantly different from those of the traditional 2 h-prediabetes (Group 3). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hyperuricemia in PCOS with Group 2 were 1.451 (1.013-2.079, P = 0.042), 1.706 (1.188-2.450, P = 0.004), 2.957 (1.755-4.981, P < 0.001), 1.890 (1.327-2.692, P < 0.001), respectively. For pregnancy outcomes, PCOS in Group 2 were more likely to progress to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than those of Group 1, which was similarly observed in Group 3. The adjusted OR for GDM in the Group 2 was 4.065 (1.530-10.800, P = 0.005). Our study demonstrated that similar to 2 h-PG, elevated 1 h-PG was associated with different metabolic disorders and GDM. Therefore, 1 h-PG may serve as an additional marker of adverse metabolic status in women with PCOS.

[Gly2]-GLP-2(1-5)：An Ultra-Short GLP-2 Peptide for Intestinal Mucosal Protection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Liu Haiqing H, Li Weizhen W, Ni Chujun C, Jing Songqi S et al.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder characterized by defective intestinal barrier function, aberrant over-apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), an endogenous gastrointestinal hormone, is known to exert protective effects against IBD by repairing the intestinal barrier and suppressing inflammatory responses. This study used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to discover that [Gly2]-GLP-2(1-5) has a high binding affinity and strong binding stability with GLP-2R. In DSS-induced colitis mouse model, treatment with [Gly2]-GLP-2(1-5) can effectively reverse weight loss in mice, reduce disease activity index, increase colon length, and alleviate inflammatory damage in colon tissues; it also upregulates the expression of tight junction proteins, inhibits epithelial cell apoptosis and release of inflammatory factors, and enhances the regenerative ability of organoids. In LPS-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells, [Gly2]-GLP-2(1-5) can promote intestinal epithelial cell migration, maintain the integrity of tight junctions, and inhibit cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that [Gly2]-GLP-2(1-5) may be the shortest active short peptide of GLP-2 and is expected to be an effective peptide for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Fluorogenic/chromogenic enzyme substrates constructed around the 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene core structure for the detection of aminopeptidase activities in clinically important microorganisms.

Chalansonnet Valérie V, Marsh Charlotte E CE, Orenga Sylvain S, Perry John D JD et al.

Chromogenic/fluorogenic enzyme substrates have been widely employed for the detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms. In this paper we describe the synthesis and evaluation in solid (agar) media of a series of novel enzyme substrates for the detection of aminopeptidase activities in clinically important microorganisms. Amino acid derivatives of 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene and its 9,9-dimethyl analogue were prepared and these substrates produced yellow coloured/fluorescent colonies when aminopeptidase activity was present. The L-alanylaminopeptidase substrates 2-(L-alanyl)-amino-7-nitrofluorene (18a) and 2-(L-alanyl)-amino-7-nitro-9,9-dimethylfluorene (18b) could differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the β-alanylaminopeptidase substrates 2-(β-alanyl)-amino-7-nitrofluorene (19a) and 2-(β-alanyl)-amino-7-nitro-9,9-dimethylfluorene (19b) were effective in detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a microorganism commonly encountered in people with cystic fibrosis. A homologue of substrate 19b, 2-(γ-aminobutyryl)-amino-7-nitro-9,9-dimethylfluorene (20b), was also prepared and evaluated for the detection of Burkholderia cepacia (also associated with people with cystic fibrosis).

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, CAS Registry Number 21834-92-4.

Api A M AM, Bartlett A A, Belsito D D, Botelho D D et al.