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inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (eTIV_f / Evagrip / Fluvirin)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine？

inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Novartis AG研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intradermal Injection、Intramuscular (IM) Injection、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名eTIV_f, Evagrip, Fluvirin
公司Novartis AG
药物类别疫苗, 大分子
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intradermal Injection, Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

相关研究文献

PubMedClinics in geriatric medicine2026-08-04

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Older Adults.

Al-Jabri Maha M, Rosero Christian C, Saade Elie A EA

Older adults are at an increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases partly because of physiologic changes in the immune and other body systems related to age and/or accumulating comorbidities that increase the vulnerability to infections and decrease the response to vaccines. Strategies to improve the response to vaccines include using a higher antigenic dose (such as in the high-dose inactivated influenza vaccines) as well as adding adjuvants (such as MF59 in the adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine).

PMID 42547175
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PubMedJournal of medical economics2026-08-04

Indirect comparison of mRNA-1010 versus enhanced influenza vaccines in adults aged 65 years and older during the 2024-2025 US influenza season.

Joshi Keya K, Situ Aaron A, Mehta Darshan D, Li Linwei L et al.

Seasonal influenza continues to cause severe disease among older adults in the United States despite enhanced vaccine recommendations, driven by immunosenescence and vaccine mismatch with circulating influenza viruses. mRNA-based influenza vaccines (mRNA-1010), addressing some of these challenges, have been developed for this population. A previous trial found mRNA-1010 demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared to enhanced high-dose influenza vaccination. As no direct evidence exists comparing mRNA-1010 efficacy to currently available enhanced influenza vaccines (EVs), we aimed to indirectly compare the effectiveness of mRNA-1010 and licensed EVs against medically attended influenza infection among adults ≥65 years in the US. We conducted an anchored indirect treatment comparison (ITC) using the Bucher method to estimate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of mRNA-1010 vs EV, with standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccine as the anchor, using individual patient-level data from adults ≥65 years from a real-world Optum claims-based analysis and the pivotal mRNA-1010-P304 clinical trial. Target trial emulation and inverse probability weighting (IPW) were implemented to address potential bias due to cross-population differences. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative outcome definition, alternative weighting approaches and US trial sites only. Assessments of post-IPW supported a comparable common anchor for the ITC. Among adults ≥65 years, the indirect rVE of mRNA-1010 vs. enhanced vaccines against medically attended influenza was 12.82% (95% CI: -36.91%, 44.49%). Sensitivity analyses also supported these findings. mRNA-1010, a new mRNA-based influenza vaccine, was shown to be comparable to currently licensed EVs among older adults ≥65 years against medically attended influenza outcomes. Consistency of findings across sensitivity analyses support the robustness of these results. Newer influenza vaccine modalities, including mRNA-based vaccines provide an additional comparable option to existing EVs to help further reduce severe influenza disease burden among older adults ≥65 years for whom enhanced vaccines are recommended.

PMID 42550058
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PubMedVaccine2026-08-04

Advances in clinical immunogenicity evaluation of influenza vaccines.

Xu Nan N, Wang Liangliang L, Zhao Chunhui C, Shen Yanru Y et al.

Influenza vaccination is an effective intervention for preventing severe influenza, and assessing its immunogenicity is a critical step in determining vaccine protective efficacy. With the widespread use of influenza vaccines-including split-virion, subunit, recombinant protein, and live attenuated formulations-methods for evaluating immunogenicity have grown increasingly diverse and complex. This article systematically examines the advantages and limitations of various immunogenicity assessment approaches for influenza vaccines. It draws upon multidimensional evaluation frameworks covering humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, incorporating analytical techniques such as hemagglutination inhibition assays, microneutralization assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, mucosal secretory IgA detection, enzyme-linked immunospot assays, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, clinical challenge trials evaluations play an essential role in elucidating the relationship between immunogenicity and protective efficacy. This paper aims to establish a systematic and comprehensive reference framework for the development and immunogenicity evaluation of influenza vaccines, thereby advancing vaccine design and the prediction of protective outcomes toward greater precision.

PMID 42546636
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-08-04

Tea saponin-soybean oil submicron emulsion promotes durable protective immunity against Pasteurella multocida.

Cui Xuemei X, Yu Le L, Zhang Ruiting R, Huang Yee Y et al.

Inactivated Pasteurella multocida (Pm) vaccines are safe and practical for veterinary use, but their protection is often limited by weak cellular immune activation and insufficient durability of antibody responses. This study investigated whether a tea saponin-soybean oil submicron emulsion could improve the durability, breadth and protective efficacy of immune responses induced by an inactivated P. multocida vaccine. Inactivated P. multocida antigen was formulated with tea saponin and soybean oil to generate TS-Pm. The formulation was characterized by particle size, polydispersity, surface charge, morphology and storage stability. Macrophage antigen uptake, cytokine secretion and activation-associated surface markers were examined in vitro. In mice, we evaluated antibody persistence, B-cell differentiation, splenic cellular immunity, pulmonary CD11b+ myeloid phenotypes, systemic tolerability, protection after lethal challenge and draining lymph-node proteomic profiles. TS-Pm formed a stable oil-in-water submicron emulsion of approximately 300 nm with low polydispersity, negative surface charge and preserved morphology after 6 months at 4 °C. In RAW264.7 macrophages, TS-Pm increased antigen uptake, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expression. Compared with alum-adjuvanted vaccine, TS-Pm maintained higher Pm-specific IgG responses, increased both IgG1 and IgG2a, and promoted plasmablast, plasma cell and germinal-center-associated B-cell responses. TS-Pm also enhanced antigen-responsive splenic proliferation, cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, and activation-associated phenotypes in pulmonary CD11b+ myeloid cells. After lethal challenge, TS-Pm improved survival to 90%, compared with 60% for Alum-Pm, and reduced pulmonary bacterial burden and lung pathology without evidence of aggravated systemic injury. Draining lymph-node proteomics showed changes associated with antigen processing and presentation, NF-κB-related signaling and immune-cell trafficking. Tea saponin-soybean oil submicron emulsion improved the durability, breadth and protective efficacy of immune responses induced by an inactivated P. multocida vaccine. These findings identify TS-Pm as a practical plant-derived adjuvant formulation for inactivated bacterial vaccines requiring sustained humoral and cellular immunity.

PMID 42548716
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PubMedInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2026-08-04

Adjuvanted and high-dose influenza vaccines had comparable effectiveness against test-confirmed influenza outcomes including hospitalizations in overall and high-risk older adults in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 seasons.

Imran Mahrukh M, Chastek Benjamin B, Bancroft Tim T, Webb Noah N et al.

Evaluate relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIV) versus high-dose QIV (HD-QIV) in preventing test-confirmed influenza during 2023-2024 in any setting and emergency department (ED)/hospitalization settings, as well as in preventing hospitalizations in overall and high-risk older adults in a pooled analysis from 2022-2024. This retrospective test-negative design study included US adults aged ≥65 years vaccinated with aQIV or HD-QIV who presented with acute respiratory or febrile illness and were tested for influenza per routine care. The rVE of aQIV versus HD-QIV was evaluated combining inverse probability of treatment weighting and logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. The 2023-2024 season included 37,377 vaccinated and tested individuals (3,174 cases; 34,203 controls). rVE of aQIV versus HD-QIV was -0.9% (95% CI: -9.9, 7.3) in any setting and 0.5% (-12.1, 11.6) in ED/hospitalization settings. For pooled analyses of hospitalizations, rVE was -0.5% (-13.4, 10.9) overall and -1.3% (-14.4, 10.4) in the high-risk subgroup. aQIV and HD-QIV provided comparable protection for prevention of test-confirmed influenza among older adults in any and ED/hospitalization settings in the 2023-2024 season and for hospitalizations in overall and high-risk older adults in pooled 2022-2024 analyses.

PMID 42546898
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-08-04

Mucosal immune cell priming by intranasally delivered Haemophilus haemolyticus is associated with heterologous protection against influenza and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

Pepper Jack S JS, Granland Caitlyn M CM, Clark Sharon L SL, Thornton Ruth B RB et al.

Intranasal vaccines offer a needle-free strategy to enhance immunity to respiratory infections. We investigated the mechanism of action of a novel intranasal vaccine using the human respiratory commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh), previously shown to protect against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) otitis media and accelerate clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). Mucosal and systemic cellular immune responses were assessed 2-144 hours after intranasal Hh treatment in mice, compared with placebo or the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2-6 agonist Pam2CSK4 using spectral flow cytometry. The impact of treatment on subsequent IAV and NTHi challenge was also evaluated. Hh induced a distinct, tissue-specific immune signature with rapid recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes to the lungs, peaking at 6 hours, earlier than Pam2CSK4. Hh also generated higher proportions of nasal CD103+CD4+ T cells within 48 hours, which further expanded following sequential IAV and NTHi infection. These findings demonstrate that Hh primes mucosal immune responses to promote heterologous protection.

PMID 42548815
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