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atropine + pralidoxime chloride (Duodote)

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · CHRM1 · 小分子

什么是 atropine + pralidoxime chloride?

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 是一种小分子,由Pfizer, Inc.研发。该药已获批,用于治疗相关适应症,给药途径:Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

商品名Duodote
公司Pfizer, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved

作用机制

分子靶点

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 作用于 4 个分子靶点:

CHRM1cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1, HM1)
CHRM2cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (HM2)
CHRM3cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (HM3, PBS)
CHRM4cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 (HM4, M4R)
需要更深入的分析?Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

atropine + pralidoxime chloride 针对 1 个适应症,涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsChemical poisoning✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedScientific reports2026-06-13

Performance of CNT-enhanced GGBS/fly ash concrete for precast U-drain applications.

Chandra Gandhi Girish G, Mehta Payal P, Sodha Ankit A

This study evaluates the mechanical and durability properties of M40-grade concrete modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The objective is to address the environmental and performance limitations of conventional concrete, which is heavily reliant on cement. Four concrete mixes were examined: M40 (control), M40 incorporating 40% GGBS, M40 containing 30% fly ash, and M40 with CNTs (0.01-0.15%). The mechanical properties compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days, while durability tests such as rapid chloride penetration and water permeability were also performed. The results showed that CNTs, particularly at 0.03-0.05% concentrations, significantly enhanced the concrete's performance, with compressive strength increasing by 56%, tensile strength by 20%, and flexural strength by 39%. Durability improved, with a 100% reduction in water permeability and a 34.56% reduction in chloride penetration. Microstructural analysis via SEM indicated matrix densification and better hydration product distribution at effective CNT dosages. XRD confirmed enhanced C-S-H formation, but higher CNT dosages led to clustering, which reduced efficiency. GGBS-modified concrete outperformed fly ash-modified concrete, and CNT-modified concrete showed the greatest improvements. These findings suggest that CNT-modified concrete is particularly suitable for precast U-drain systems, where enhanced early-age strength, reduced cracking, and improved durability against chloride ingress can improve the service life and performance of drainage infrastructure. This concrete mix shows strong potential for high-performance, sustainable construction.

PMID 42286029
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PubMedNano letters2026-06-13

Evaporation-Induced Phase Transitions in Free-Standing Plasmonic Nanoparticle Assemblies.

Hotton Claire C, Trazo Jaime Gabriel JG, Modin Evgeny E, Bardouil Arnaud A et al.

Evaporation-induced self-assembly transforms dilute nanoparticle suspensions into ordered plasmonic superlattices, yet the microscopic mechanisms remain unclear for anisotropic particles in water. Here, we study the drying kinetics of silver nanorod (AgNR) dispersions in cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) using time-resolved levitated small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), complemented by microbeam SAXS and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy on dried samples. The key parameter governing superlattice formation is the initial surfactant concentration, outweighing nanoparticle concentration and shape effects. AgNR ordering is synchronized with surfactant organization: CTAC micelles induce depletion attractions that drive nucleation and growth, followed by structural arrest upon CTAC gelation. These findings are directly relevant for improving the design of plasmonic metamaterial and nanoparticle (NP) self-assemblies in a broad sense. Moreover, the dual role played by CTAC micelles (promotion of NPs ordering followed by structural arrest) likely represents a mechanism applicable to other systems where depletants undergo gelation during drying.

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PubMedCarbohydrate polymers2026-06-13

Unlocking complete sugarcane residue valorisation for sequential fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin through a one-pot, two-step deep eutectic solvent strategy.

Mao Yujie Y, Pramasari Dwi Ajias DA, Tang Bridget B, Derry Matthew J MJ et al.

Sugarcane tops and leaves (STL) represent an abundant yet underutilised lignocellulosic residue with significant biorefinery potential for the valorisation of its three principal components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. However, existing fractionation studies often prioritise lignin removal, while hemicellulose recovery is compromised by acid-catalysed degradation and sugar dehydration. Here, we report a one-pot, two-step deep eutectic solvent (DES) fractionation strategy that decouples hemicellulose extraction from lignin solubilisation using a low-cost oxalic acid:choline chloride (1:1 molar ratio) system. In the first step, a hydrated DES (75 wt%) at 80 °C for 60 min selectively recovered hemicellulose, achieving 95.6% combined conversion to xylose and xylobiose while limiting glucose (5.3%), furfural (3.3%), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (1.3%) formation. The second step employed neat DES at 120 °C for controlled delignification, achieving 95.4% lignin recovery within 10 min at 87.8% purity, with reduced condensation compared to a single-step lignin extraction approach. The resulting cellulose-rich pulp contained 80.1% cellulose with enhanced crystallinity (CrI = 34.8%). Importantly, DES regeneration via recrystallisation reduced downstream energy demand. This integrated strategy enables sequential and selective recovery of all three biomass fractions within a single solvent system, advancing circular lignocellulosic biorefinery design.

PMID 42285673
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PubMedCarbohydrate polymers2026-06-13

A combined mechanical grinding-deep eutectic solvent strategy for the deconstruction of carbohydrates-rich fruit by-products.

Perret Lucie L, Antoine-Assor Carole C, Beaugrand Johnny J, Lampoh Komlanvi K et al.

The efficient recovery of carbohydrates from fruit by-products is limited by their restricted accessibility, as they are embedded within the complex cell wall matrix. Overcoming this barrier requires particle-size reduction, matrix disruption and selection of appropriate solvent. Recently, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as promising sustainable alternative for polysaccharide recovery. However, their high viscosity can hinder mass transfer and consequently extraction yield. This study investigates the combination of NADES with grinding to enhance cell wall carbohydrates accessibility in lemon peel and apple pomace. Vibratory ball grinding was performed in presence of three chloride-based NADES: lactic acid (CCLA), malic acid (CCMlic), and malonic acid (CCMnic). Combining grinding with CCLA and CCMlic significantly increased mass yields, up to four-fold, reaching a maximum of 9.0%. This increase was associated to increased surface area and mechanical energy input by impact, as supported by modelling. In contrast, CCMnic showed limited efficiency with yields up to 4.3%, likely due to weaker solvent-matrix interactions. Compositional analyses revealed the co-extraction of polysaccharides with other components, including lignin (3.0 to 15%). Additionally, the initial disruption degree of the fruit by-product was identified as a critical factor for polysaccharides recovery.

PMID 42285674
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PubMedJournal of colloid and interface science2026-06-13

From micro to macro: modulating the properties of cationic lamellar phases with nanocelluloses.

Sabino Carla Manuela S CMS, Garcia Paulo R A F PRAF, Gentile Luigi L, Ferreira Guilherme A GA et al.

Cellulose-based nanomaterials have potential to act as renewable and versatile additives for tailoring properties of aqueous surfactant systems. This study compares the effect of negatively charged cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and their molecular counterpart, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), on the rheological properties and microstructural organization of aqueous aggregates of cationic di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethylammonium chloride. Their lamellar phases can be assumed as representative of those found in cosmetics, fabric softeners, and related formulations. Samples were prepared with an excess of cationic surfactant relative to the anionic additives while maintaining a constant surfactant/additive mass ratio for both surfactant concentrations. The surfactant was slowly added to pre-existing (nano)cellulose suspensions or solutions, allowing lamellar phase formation to occur in the presence of nanoparticles or polymer chains. Rheological measurements were performed alongside differential scanning calorimetry, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The rigidity and yield stress of the samples depend on the type of additive (CNC, CNF, or CMC) and the surfactant/additive ratio. With CNC, these properties increase with concentration, reaching a maximum at a surfactant/additive ratio of 100 (0.05 and 0.1 wt% CNC for 5 and 10 wt% surfactant, respectively), and then decrease at higher additive contents. The rheological behavior is closely linked to changes in lamellar organization, including variations in bilayer repeat distance and the coexistence of multiple lamellar phases in samples with CMC. These findings reveal the general colloidal outcome of hybrid oppositely charged lamellar-particle networks in aqueous surfactant systems, opening new opportunities for exploiting cellulose nanomaterials in concentrated surfactant formulations.

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PubMedWater research2026-06-13

A PFAS-selective semifluoroalkylated polyvinylimidazolium resin for reversible adsorption of anionic fluorosurfactants.

Schobel Judith J, Freilinger Johanna J, Marx Jana J, Larch Madeleine M et al.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking-water sources demand sorbents that capture both long- and short-chain species and can be efficiently regenerated. A hydrolytically robust fluorinated polymer is reported, in which cationic heteroaromatic charges and perfluoroalkyl moieties are co‑localized within each operative functionality. Thus, dual-mode binding sites matching electrostatic and fluorophilic attraction were evaluated as sorbent design for anionic fluorosurfactants. The fluorinated polymer-based anion exchange resin (FP-AER) was synthesized via UV-initiated copolymerization of a perfluoroalkyl-tethered vinylimidazolium monomer with a bis-vinylimidazolium crosslinker and comprehensively characterized by physicochemical methods. Batch adsorption assays versus powdered activated carbon (PAC) quantified single- and multicomponent isotherms, kinetics, co-solute and ionic-strength effects, regeneration, and performance in spiked aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted groundwater. FP-AER achieved Langmuir capacities of 597 mg g-1 (PFOA) and 143 mg g-1 (GenX); PFBA exhibited near-linear Freundlich behaviour. At a benchmark equilibrium concentration of 50 μg L-1, FP-AER outperformed PAC by 3-9-fold. The adsorbent was selective in the presence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and showed pronounced sensitivity to chloride. Regeneration using methanol-salt eluents yielded >90 % recoveries across at least six cycles. In AFFF-impacted groundwater spiked at 0.5 μg L-1 per PFAS, batch tests confirm high PFAS removal by FP-AER relative to PAC. Exploratory rapid small‑scale column tests (RSSCTs) demonstrated feasibility under continuous-flow conditions. A focused mini-review and comparative benchmarking contextualize FP-AER against established AERs and emerging fluorinated sorbents, highlighting the remarkable capacity of the developed dual-mode sorbent; future work will target lower influent levels and optimized column operation.

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