若生智能
Drug Database
HY

hydroquinone (pigmentasa / pigmentasa)

✓ Approved

Vinas · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 hydroquinone？

hydroquinone 是一种小分子，由Vinas研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名pigmentasa, pigmentasa
公司Vinas
药物类别小分子
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Vinas

治疗适应症

hydroquinone 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersChloasma✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersSkin hyperpigmentation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedThe western journal of emergency medicine2026-08-05

Implementing a Multimodal Palliative Care Curriculum: Impact on Knowledge, Confidence, and Skills.

Hase Travis T, Ndiaye Cindy C, Putman Margaret M

Emergency physicians frequently care for patients with serious or terminal illnesses, yet they often lack formal palliative care training. Our primary objective was to develop a structured, multimodal palliative care curriculum for emergency medicine (EM) residents and evaluate whether this curriculum improved residents' knowledge, comfort level, and perceived application of skills to care for patients with chronic or terminal illness in the emergency department (ED). Our secondary objective was to determine whether EM residents found palliative care education important and to identify which educational modalities are most effective for acquiring palliative care knowledge and skills. We implemented an eight-hour multimodal curriculum for EM residents at a single, large Level I trauma center (four hours of didactics, a three-hour simulated patient communication skills lab, and one hour of high-fidelity simulation). Our primary outcome was pre- and post-intervention surveys (12 questions) that assessed perceived knowledge, comfort, and skill application on five-point Likert scales. We analyzed paired responses using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a P value of < .05 considered statistically significant. Effect size was calculated using Cohen d. Our secondary outcome measure was a post-intervention survey (six questions) that assessed participants' opinions on the effectiveness of the different educational methods. There was a 100% response rate among 41 residents from all postgraduate years 1-3. Significant improvements (P < .001) were observed in residents' self-reported abilities across all domains with large effect sizes. Median scores and interquartile ranges increased for conducting goals-of-care discussions (4 [3-4] vs 4 [4-5]), interpreting advance directives (3 [2-4] vs 4 [4-4]), managing end-of-life symptoms (3 [2-3] vs 4 [3-4]), communicating bad news (3 [2-4] vs 4 [4-4]), and coordinating with palliative or hospice teams (2 [2-3] v. 4 [4-4]). All educational modalities were rated effective, with simulation and small-group sessions preferred over lectures. A structured, multimodal palliative care curriculum significantly enhanced EM residents' perceived preparedness to manage patients with palliative care needs. Embedding didactic and simulation-based palliative training in EM residencies is both feasible and impactful, addressing critical gaps in palliative competencies and aligning with national best-practice guidelines.

PMID 42550718
阅读全文 →
PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-08-05

The temporal changes in GPT-4 performance on UKMLA practice questions: educational and clinical implications.

Baskaran Ravanth R, Sirikonda Sai S, Singh Aditya A, Srinivasan Sripradha S et al.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models, such as GPT-4, have been extensively studied for their integration into medical practice and education. GPT-4 has demonstrated excellent performance on medical licensing examinations, including the United Kingdom Medical Licensing Assessment (UKMLA). However, the field lacks longitudinal data on whether such performance is stable or varies over time. Theoretically, iterative improvements updated by the vendor should enhance performance, but empirical evidence of such longitudinal trends remains limited. Given that GPT-4 undergoes periodic vendor-side updates, we aimed to analyse the categorical, time-spaced performance of GPT-4 on the UKMLA to characterise how its performance changes over time in a medical context. Two publicly available UKMLA papers were fed into GPT-4 at two different time points, June 2023 and December 2024. 191 questions were provided with and without multiple-choice options to assess GPT-4's clinical competence. McNemar's test was performed to evaluate changes in GPT-4's performance over time, comparing domain-specific questions. GPT-4's accuracy improved noticeably between the two rounds (MCQ: 88.0 to 93.7%, p = 0.027; non-MCQ: 68.1 to 81.7%, p = 1.00). Single-step accuracy rose from 73.1 to 82.3%, and multi-step from 57.4 to 80.3% without MCQ. GPT-4 showed improved accuracy from Round 1 to Round 2 for both single-step and multi-step questions, with MCQ-prompted responses consistently outperforming non-MCQ responses (up to 95.1% accuracy for multi-step MCQ questions in Round 2). GPT-4's performance improved across all question categories from round one to round two, most notably in management questions without MCQ options (+23.30%), though these differences were not statistically significant. GPT-4's performance on the UKMLA improved significantly over 18 months, suggesting that iterative vendor-side model updates enhance clinical reasoning capabilities. These findings indicate that GPT-4 may serve as a supplementary educational tool for medical students and clinicians; however, the underlying drivers of performance changes remain opaque, and such tools should be deployed with structured oversight to prevent overreliance.

PMID 42553655
阅读全文 →
PubMedMetabolic syndrome and related disorders2026-08-05

Associations Between the Inflammation Burden Index and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study Based upon the NHANES Database.

Wu Yixuan Y, Li Mei M, Fang Zhen Z, Luo Wenlong W et al.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a systemic disorder manifested as the interconnected dysregulation of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic abnormalities. Systemic inflammation was identified as an important contributor to CKM syndrome. Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this research sought to explore associations between the inflammation burden index (IBI) and the risk of CKM syndrome (specifically stages 3-4). This research used data from six NHANES cycles (1999-2010). CKM stages were constructed based on the American Heart Association recommendations, with stages 3-4 classified as advanced CKM syndrome. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between IBI and CKM stages 3-4. Restricted cubic splines were employed to evaluate potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, and body mass index were performed. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were conducted. In total, 13,830 participants were included. Among them, 3322 were in CKM stages 3-4. In the fully adjusted model, IBI was positively associated with the risk of CKM stages 3-4 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.026, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.008-1.044, P = 0.005]. In the sensitivity model excluding patients with hypertension and diabetes (Model 4), the association remained significant (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.014-1.047, P < 0.001). RCS analyses further indicated a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship between IBI and the risk of CKM stages 3-4 (P for nonlinearity <0.001). This association remained reliable in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Elevated IBI is independently associated with a higher risk of CKM syndrome. As a composite inflammatory index that integrates multiple inflammatory cells and acute-phase proteins, IBI holds promise for identifying individuals at high risk for advanced CKM syndrome.

PMID 42554129
阅读全文 →
PubMedRSC advances2026-08-05

Synthesis of 6,7-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-4(5H)-ones through cascade N-H insertion and intramolecular annulation of cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones with amides.

Liu Chao C, Han Guang G, Gao Feng F, Tong Xinyu X et al.

A one-pot two-step protocol has been reported for the synthesis of 6,7-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-4(5H)-ones through the N-H insertion of Rh-carbene and the subsequent intramolecular annulation from cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones with amides. This strategy has a broad substrate scope, and the synthesis is feasible on a gram scale. In general, this novel synthetic protocol features readily available substrates, facile operation, and wide functional group compatibility and produces highly bioactive 6,7-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazol-4(5H)-ones.

PMID 42553593
阅读全文 →
PubMedCirculation. Heart failure2026-08-05

Donor Heart Preservation at 10 °C Outperforms 4-8 °C With Improved Early Graft Function in Adult Heart Transplantation: A Vanderbilt and Duke Multicenter Study.

Williams Aaron M AM, Lima Brian B, Benkert Abigail A, Ahmad Awab A et al.

Static cold storage of cardiac allografts at 4-8 °C or 10 °C has yielded promising heart transplant outcomes compared with ice storage. However, direct comparisons between these 2 preservation temperatures are lacking. This dual-center study is the first to compare adult heart transplant outcomes using allografts preserved at 10 °C versus 4-8 °C static cold storage. All single-organ, donation-after-brain-death adult heart transplants performed at 2 high-volume centers between January 2020 and April 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Multiorgan, adult congenital, and donation-after-circulatory-death cases were excluded. A 3:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching was applied using a standardized mean difference <20% to create balanced cohorts. Firth logistic regression and quantile regression were used to evaluate categorical and continuous outcomes in unmatched and matched cohorts. Among 365 recipients, 113 received allografts preserved at 10 °C and 252 at 4-8 °C. The 10 °C group had higher donor and recipient risk profiles, including older donors (37 [28-43] versus 31 [24-39] years; P=0.004), greater donor-recipient sex mismatch, and more frequent donor undersizing by predicted heart mass ratio. Recipients in this cohort were older and had more re-sternotomies and higher serum creatinine levels at transplant. Patients in the 4-8 °C group were more often listed as Status 2. After matching, 10 °C preservation was associated with less primary graft dysfunction (2 [2.9%] versus 19 [14.6%]; P=0.008), less left and right ventricular dysfunction, reduced new intraaortic balloon pump use, and improved 1-year survival (95.7% versus 86.2%; P=0.02). Other outcomes, including cardiac indices and posttransplant length of stay, were not significantly different between groups. Preservation of cardiac allografts at 10 °C may yield superior early graft function compared with 4-8 °C static cold storage. However, further prospective studies are required to delineate the optimal donor heart preservation temperature.

PMID 42554059
阅读全文 →
PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-08-05

Severe non-atopic prurigo nodularis in an otherwise healthy elderly patient: rapid multidimensional response to dupilumab.

Ventre Alessandra A, Nuccio Federica F, Gangemi Sebastiano S, Ricciardi Luisa L

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic neuroimmune skin disorder characterized by intensely pruritic nodules, severe impairment of quality of life and significant psychosocial burden. Prior to the approval of targeted therapies, management relied on conventional agents with limited efficacy. Recent evidence of its neuroimmune pathogenesis have led to the approvement of targeted biologics. Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4/IL-13-axis, has been the first targeted therapy approved for PN. We report a 75-year-old woman presenting with severe, treatment-naïve generalized pruritus (IGA PN-S 4; NRS 9/10; DLQI 21) with extensive nodular involvement of the trunk and extremities, complete sleep deprivation and important anxiety and depression (HADS.A 12; HADS-D 11). Following diagnosis of PN, treatment with dupilumab (600 mg loading dose, then 300 mg every 2 weeks) was initiated in October 2025. At approximately 6 weeks, marked pruritus reduction (NRS 3) and sleep restoration were observed. Progressive improvement continued over time. At 4 months follow-up, complete remission was nearly achieved (NRS 1, IGA PN-S 1, DLQI 2, HADS-A 4, HADS-D 3), with no adverse events reported. This case corroborates and extends the existing evidence on dupilumab efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe PN, with particularly rapid and comprehensive responses across pruritus, skin lesions, sleep and psychosocial outcomes in an elderly patient, through IL-4/IL-13 inhibition. Our findings support dupilumab as a safe and effective targeted option for severe PN, also in older patients where conventional systemic therapies, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, carry a high risk of adverse effects.

PMID 42553303
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多hydroquinone