Drug Database
NI

NIK-127

✓ Approved

Kowa · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 NIK-127?

NIK-127 是一种小分子,由Kowa研发。该药已获批,用于治疗相关适应症,给药途径:Unknown。

药物档案

公司Kowa
药物类别小分子
给药途径Unknown
状态Approved

治疗适应症

NIK-127 针对 1 个适应症,涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersDiarrhoea✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of medical education and curricular development2026-08-05

"I Can See Where This Is Taking Me": Medical Students' Perceptions of Humanities Courses at Aga Khan University, Kenya.

Gathu Catherine C, Zammit Marthaclaire M, Saboo Urvi U, Opoka Robert R

Humanities courses in medical training are increasingly recognized as essential for developing empathetic, reflective and socially responsive physicians. Although well-established globally, their integration into medical education in African contexts remains limited. In Kenya, humanities are often peripheral within curricula dominated by biomedical sciences and clinical medicine. Aga Khan University (AKU), Nairobi, has introduced a novel medical curriculum that embeds seven core humanities courses as central components of the initial phase of its MBChB program. This study explored students' perceptions and lived experiences of these humanities courses. A retrospective descriptive study using an embedded mixed-methods design was conducted among the first two cohorts of medical students. Of the 11 courses offered in the first two trimesters, seven were humanities courses, each routinely evaluated following delivery. Evaluation data comprised quantitative closed-ended Likert-scale items and qualitative open-ended responses capturing students' perceptions of course relevance, delivery and assessment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework to complement and provide explanatory context to the quantitative findings. Students reported overall positive perceptions of the humanities courses, with a mean score of 3.9 (range: 3.7-4.2) on a five-point scale. Mean scores were similar across trimesters 1 and 2. Overall, 70.1% (89/127) of students rated the courses favorably, agreeing or strongly agreeing with positive statements about their learning experiences. Courses perceived as more relevant to medical training and those that were better organized received higher ratings. Key areas for improvement identified by students included increasing opportunities for formative assessment and enhancing consistency and structure in instructional delivery. Students at AKU reported positive experiences with humanities courses during the first two trimesters of their medical training. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these courses on learning, professional identity formation and clinical practice in later stages of medical education.

PMID 42553570
阅读全文 →
PubMedEcoHealth2026-08-05

Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Research.

Bharathi Kanniganti K, Yadav Jeetendra J, Shastri Siddhant S, Deo Vishal V et al.

Infectious diseases remain a major global health challenge, and while AI is rapidly advancing diagnostic techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and ultrasound, its full potential in the detection and management of these diseases has yet to be thoroughly explored. This study examines the global research trends, key contributors, and thematic shifts in the field of AI-driven diagnostics for infectious diseases. The publications obtained data from the Web of Science (WoS) database reveal an exponential growth with 5465 publications from 2005 to 2024. The search targeted studies on human, animal, and environmental health using keywords such as "infectious disease," "communicable disease," "environment," "machine learning," and "artificial intelligence" in title, abstract, and keyword fields. Bibliometric parameters such as publication trends, prolific authors, and geographical distribution were assessed, and core journals, institutions were identified, keyword co-occurrence analysis highlighted major research themes. Analyses were conducted using pyBibX, bibliometrix, and VOSviewer to map relationships among authors, journals, and thematic areas. The USA leads AI-driven infectious disease research, contributing 1687 publications and 72,732 citations, dominated the combined contributions of China and India, whose total amounts to 1768 publications and 34,927 citations. The Chinese Academy of Science (China), University of Oxford (UK), and Harvard Medical School (USA) emerged as the top institutions. "Scientific Reports" turned out to be the top journal with 157 publications followed by "PLOS One" (144) and "Frontiers in Immunology" (127). Citation network analysis highlighted regional disparities, with low-income countries such as Gambia and Mozambique underrepresented. Keyword clustering identified six key research themes, with machine learning as a central theme across diagnostics, epidemiology, imaging, and drug discovery. AI is transforming infectious disease research with significant contributions from high-income countries. However, emerging collaborations in lower middle-income countries highlight the need for equitable AI adoption. Addressing these disparities in infrastructure, funding, technological, and computational capability through global collaborations is important. Future studies should focus on overcoming the real-world implementation challenges to maximize AI's impact in infectious disease research.

PMID 42552502
阅读全文 →
PubMedNanotechnology2026-08-04

Designing low-loss cavities across the band-gap of photonic crystal slabs.

Monim Nadhia N, Langbein Wolfgang W, Masia Francesco F

Photonic crystal cavities (PCCs) are defects in host photonic crystals (PCs) which create bound states in the PC band gap. These bound states are resonant states of the electromagnetic field with a complex resonance frequency and can have very small mode volumes. PCCs are attractive for a variety of applications, from cavity quantum electrodynamics to biosensing. A PC slab geometry is advantageous compared to three-dimensional crystals due to its superior manufacturability, and the accessibility of the surface allows sensing and coupling. However, the emission into the half spaces above and below the slab limits the bound state lifetime. Controlling this emission is thus crucial for applications, most of which are benefiting from a long lifetime. A range of methods to find defect geometries suppressing the emission to increase the lifetime have been demonstrated in the past. However, they do not cater for a designed resonant frequency covering a wide addressable range, as needed for multiplexed devices. Here, we demonstrate a design method controlling both resonance frequency and emission, by minimising a cost function including both losses and target frequency. We show applications on PCCs in GaAs PC slabs immersed in water, relevant for biosensing. The reduced refractive index contrast in these structures compared to previously studied PCCs embedded in vacuum renders the emission suppression more challenging. We optimize the quality factor of a standard L3 cavity from 1000 to 1e4-1e5 , with an addressable resonance frequency range covering about 10% relative bandwidth, spanning more than half of the band gap. Also for a H1 cavity starting from a quality factor of 127, optimisation also achieves qualilty factors of 1e4 -1e5 over 12% relative bandwidth .

PMID 42546741
阅读全文 →
PubMedAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2026-08-04

Improved peripheral airway reactance is associated with clinical remission following biologic therapy in severe asthma.

Lim Jo Vi JV, Lipworth Brian B, Menzella Francesco F, Usmani Omar O et al.

Small airways dysfunction (SAD) is increasingly recognised as a treatable trait in severe asthma and may influence the likelihood of achieving clinical remission. To investigate whether oscillometry defined SAD parameters were associated with remission following biologic or standard-of-care treatment. Data from 237 adults with GINA-defined severe asthma were retrospectively collected at a tertiary specialist centre. 127 received add on biologic therapy (Benralizumab, Dupilumab or Tezepelumab) and 110 received standard of care alone. Spirometry, oscillometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophil count (BEC), exacerbation frequency and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores were collected. Three component remission (3CR: no exacerbations, no maintenance OCS,ACQ <1.5) and four component remission (4CR: 3CR plus stable lung function defined as FEV₁) were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of remission, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, ICS dose and smoking status. Biologic therapy significantly improved lung function, oscillometry indices, type 2 biomarkers, exacerbation frequency and ACQ scores. In the biologics group, 50.4% achieved 3CR and 34.6% achieved 4CR, compared with 42.6% and 25.0% respectively in the standard-of-care group. Baseline FeNO ≥25ppb and ≥50ppb were associated with higher odds of achieving remission following biologic therapy. An improvement in FEV₁ ≥100mL was strongly associated with both 3CR and 4CR. Importantly, improvement in oscillometry-derived area under the reactance curve (AX) ≥0.65kPa/L, corresponding to the minimal clinically important difference, was significantly associated with 4CR (adjusted OR 2.61 [1.02-6.65], p<0.05). In the standard-of-care group (3CR: 42.6%; 4CR: 25%), higher baseline AX ≥1.0 kPa/L was associated with a lower likelihood of achieving 3CR (adjusted OR 0.36 [0.14-0.93], p<0.05). Improvements in peripheral airway compliance measured using oscillometry are associated with clinical remission in severe asthma following biologic therapy. These findings support SAD as an important physiological correlate and potential treatable trait in achieving asthma remission.

PMID 42547023
阅读全文 →
PubMedFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2026-08-04

Diagnostic Model Development for IC/BPS and Its Subtypes Using Clinical Indicators, Urinary Biomarkers, and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis.

Luo Cheng C, Guan Yonghui Y, Dilimulati Yifala Y, Zhang Xinping X et al.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic, heterogeneous, and often debilitating condition. This condition is often misdiagnosed, as it overlaps significantly with other urinary infections, necessitating the development of new markers and targets to improve diagnosis and therapy. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) participates in IC/BPS inflammation, but its role remains understudied. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic model for IC/BPS and its subtypes to uncover underlying mechanisms, new biomarkers, and TNF-α-targeted treatments. Patients with non-Hunner IC (NHIC, n = 196), Hunner IC (HIC, n = 56), and healthy controls (HC, n = 230) were enrolled in the study. A diagnostic model was developed based on key features identified by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Molecular analysis using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) showed cellular heterogeneity and inflammatory networks. In silico TNF-α knockout was performed using scTenifoldKnk to investigate the function of TNF-α. Both NHIC and HIC subtypes present with severe clinical symptoms and dysregulated urinary biomarker profiles, with the HIC subtype showing significantly more severe symptoms and markedly increased levels of specific inflammatory mediators. A total of 127 machine learning (ML) models were constructed, of which most reached an AUC of 1.000 in training and external validation cohorts. Lasso+plsRglm was identified as the optimal diagnostic model. Core diagnostic features included nocturia frequency (NUF), visual analogue scale (VAS), functional bladder wall thickness (BWT), and TNF-α. Transcriptomics identified inflammation-related patterns and pathways between IC/BPS subtypes. scRNA-seq identified 12 cell types and an elevated inflammatory state. We discovered a TNF-α-driven inflammatory network influencing intergroup heterogeneity of IC/BPS, identified candidate diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate IC/BPS from HC, and highlighted possible therapeutic targets, thereby laying the groundwork for future clinical translation research.

PMID 42549703
阅读全文 →
PubMedThe journal of trauma and acute care surgery2026-08-03

Anatomic variability of the ribs and costal cartilage: A pilot study.

Risk Nathan N, Akyeampong Daniel D, Hohn Julia J, Sherrier Matthew C MC et al.

The rib cage is classically described as seven true ribs, three false ribs, and two floating ribs. Recent cadaveric studies have shown that there is variability in the cartilaginous attachments of the rib cage; however, these studies were done on Caucasian specimens only. We sought to determine if the anatomy of the rib cage can be assessed via computed tomography (CT) and describe the anatomic variations. The trauma registry was used to identify recent patients evaluated by the trauma program who did not have rib fractures. These patients were sorted by race and gender and randomly assigned for review by experienced chest wall surgeons. CT scans were evaluated in three-dimensional, axial, sagittal, coronal, and tangential images to evaluate the number of ribs, aberrant anatomy, and cartilaginous attachments. Data was analyzed by SPSS v.30. Two hundred seventy-eight patients were evaluated with an average age of 49+/-25 years, and 54% were male. In all, 11 pairs of ribs were noted in 3.5% of patients and 13 ribs in 1% of patients. Variability was noted in the number of the lowest true ribs: sixth rib 19%, seventh rib 75%, eighth rib 6%, and a different number of true ribs on each side 5%. The number of true ribs was greater in males (6.9+/-0.5) versus females (6.8+/-0.5), p=0.008. Significantly more females had ribs that connected at the midline without sternal attachment: 24.4% (31/127) versus 14.5% (22/127), p=0.037. Comparing the right and left rib cage, 72% of patients were asymmetric. Super/infranummary pairs of ribs occur in 5% of patients. Significant variability from the presumed normal anatomy of the costal cartilages was seen. Compared with females, males have more true ribs. Most people do not have symmetrical rib cages, and the majority of patients exhibit variability in their costal cartilage. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2026;00:000-000 Copyright © 2026 Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC. All rights reserved.). Level IV.

PMID 42545742
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多NIK-127