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carbamazepine (Carbella / Carnexiv)

✓ Approved

Ligand Pharmaceuticals · SCN1A · 小分子

什么是 carbamazepine？

carbamazepine 是一种小分子，由Ligand Pharmaceuticals研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intravenous (IV)。

药物档案

商品名Carbella, Carnexiv
公司Ligand Pharmaceuticals
药物类别小分子
分子靶点SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Ligand Pharmaceuticals

作用机制

分子靶点

carbamazepine 作用于 3 个分子靶点：

SCN1Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (DEE6B, FEB3)
SCN2Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 (Na(v)1.2, BFNIS)
SCN3Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 3 (Nav1.3, NAC3)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

carbamazepine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Nervous system disordersGeneralised tonic-clonic seizure✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMarine pollution bulletin2026-06-13

Field-based assessment of selected pharmaceuticals, pesticides and sediment metals using macrofauna and nematode communities in False Bay, South Africa.

Mazeka Buyani B, Tshingana-Bali Bomikazi B, Murgatroyd Olivia O, Moser Justin J et al.

False Bay supports high biodiversity but is increasingly subjected to anthropogenic pressures, including urbanisation and harbour activities. This study aimed to (1) quantify selected pharmaceuticals (e.g., acetaminophen, carbamazepine, diclofenac), herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor) and metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn), (2) examine their spatial distribution, and (3) assess their potential effects on benthic assemblages. Sampling was conducted between 18 April and 14 June 2021 across 19 stations. Pharmaceuticals and herbicides were widely detected in seawater (LDL - 1.1 ng/L) and sediments (LDL - 54.6 ng/g), with higher concentrations in sediments, indicating their role as long-term contaminant reservoirs. Spatial patterns revealed localised enrichment near wastewater discharge zones and urbanised areas. Metal concentrations (1.6-7732 μg/g) were similarly elevated in anthropogenically influenced areas. However, risk quotient (RQ) remained <0.1 and metal concentrations were below ERL thresholds, suggesting a low potential of acute biological effects. Benthic assemblages were diverse and typical of coastal sandy environments, with no significant relationships detected between contaminant concentrations and community metrics. Nematode indices (MI and ITD) indicated good to high ecological quality. The single sampling design and family-level taxonomic resolution may have limited the detection of sub-lethal, chronic or species-specific responses. While contaminants are widespread and accumulate in sediments, their current concentrations are unlikely to cause acute ecological impacts benthos. However, chronic effects and the presence of unmonitored contaminants cannot be excluded. Long-term monitoring and higher taxonomic resolution are recommended to better understand and access cumulative ecological risks.

PMID 42284978
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PubMedPractical neurology2026-06-12

Antiseizure medication-induced hyponatraemia.

Vecchio Guglielmo G, Alvares Debie D, Shipman Kate K, Aram Julia J

Hyponatraemia is a well-documented side effect of antiseizure medication (ASM). Its management involves balancing the risks of untreated hyponatraemia against the risks of upsetting seizure control by altering the ASM. The first consideration is to exclude other causes of hyponatraemia. The management should be informed by the degree of hyponatraemia, the severity of symptoms and the patient's preference. Management options include conservative treatment; active sodium correction, such as through fluid restriction and stopping medications other than ASM that could be associated with hyponatraemia, where possible; ASM regimen changes might include reducing the dose or switching ASM. ASMs vary in their tendency to induce hyponatraemia-oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine have the highest risk-which is important to consider when switching to an alternative ASM.

PMID 42276579
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Photo-Ozonation of Multiclass Pharmaceuticals in Model Water: Kinetic Comparison of UV-C, O3 and UV/O3 Under Selected pH Conditions.

Całus-Makowska Klaudia K, Grosser Anna A, Białek Hanna H

The removal of four representative pharmaceuticals-sulfamethoxazole (SMX), carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU)-was investigated in a model aqueous solution using UV-C photolysis, ozonation and a hybrid UV/O3 process. UV-C and UV/O3 experiments were conducted at initial pH 3, ~6 and 8, whereas single ozonation was applied at pH ~6 as a near-neutral reference. The processes were compared in terms of removal efficiency, apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics and kinetic enhancement. UV-C photolysis showed pronounced compound selectivity, with efficient removal of DCF and SMX but limited transformation of CBZ and IBU. Ozonation markedly improved the removal of ozone-reactive compounds, particularly CBZ and DCF. Under near-neutral conditions, UV/O3 provided high removal efficiencies for all target compounds after 30 min. Kinetic analysis showed that UV/O3 enhancement was compound-specific: apparent synergy was observed for CBZ and IBU, with SF values of 1.43 and 1.24, respectively, whereas SMX showed a subadditive response. DCF was rapidly removed under UV/O3 but was excluded from the main SF comparison because its concentration approached the lowest calibrated concentration level. These results indicate that UV/O3 is especially useful for poorly UV-susceptible pharmaceuticals.

PMID 42280232
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PubMedCureus2026-06-11

Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Triggered by Carbamazepine Therapy: A Clinical and Radiologic Case Report.

Bani Salem Moath M, Virk Shiza S, Alzoubi Yusuf Y, Faruqi Ibrahim I

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a type of interstitial lung disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the lung parenchyma and can present as acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Certain medications, including carbamazepine, have been rarely implicated in eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and delayed systemic hypersensitivity reactions with pulmonary involvement. In this case, we report a 50-year-old man who developed acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) characterized by diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with small pleural effusions on imaging following the initiation of carbamazepine therapy for epilepsy approximately four weeks prior to presentation. The patient presented with fever, dyspnea, and hypoxia. Imaging demonstrated bilateral infiltrates with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Physical examination throughout hospitalization did not reveal any rash, edema, skin desquamation, or mucosal involvement despite concern for a drug-related hypersensitivity reaction. His clinical status worsened, leading to respiratory failure requiring intubation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) demonstrated significant eosinophilia (>25%), which was a key diagnostic finding supporting AEP. Although the patient did not meet full diagnostic criteria for DRESS syndrome, the timing of presentation and associated systemic findings raised concern for a broader carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reaction with predominant pulmonary involvement. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of carbamazepine-associated eosinophilic lung disease, particularly in patients with BAL eosinophilia and compatible radiologic findings, while also emphasizing the need to evaluate for possible multiorgan involvement in suspected drug-induced AEP.

PMID 42272589
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PubMedEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)2026-06-11

From Correlation to Causality: Identifying Potential Environmental Drivers of Pathogenic Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in River Water Using Causal Machine Learning.

Sun Xihao X, Li Shuaiyi S, Liang Jinsong J, Wang Chenchen C et al.

Pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARB) pose a serious public health threat within the One Health framework, yet identifying their potential environmental drivers in complex aquatic systems remains a challenge. This study systematically compared correlation analysis, explainable machine learning, and causal machine learning within a unified framework. Both Spearman correlation and explainable machine learning identified numerous potentially important factors, notably non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals such as carbamazepine and bezafibrate. However, causal inference via double machine learning, which controls for confounders and interaction effects, revealed a distinctly different driver profile. Under predefined assumptions, this approach estimated potential causal effects for dissolved oxygen, the nitrate-to-ammonium ratio, specific antibiotics (roxithromycin, azithromycin), and non-antibiotic compounds (acenaphthene, 2-chloroanthracene). Taxon-specific analysis further showed that Aeromonas aligned closely with the overall PARB causal profile, whereas Pseudomonas responded primarily to oxidation-reduction potential. Functional profiles suggested potential stress-adaptation mechanisms related to signal transduction and metabolic regulation pathways. By shifting from associative prediction to causal inference, this causal machine learning-guided framework provides a robust analytical basis for identifying environmental drivers and informing targeted management of PARB risks in aquatic ecosystems.

PMID 42269751
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PubMedSeizure2026-06-11

Genetic analysis of self-limiting familial infantile epilepsy caused by PRRT2 variants in Indian patients.

Sampath Revathi R, Somanna Prabhakara P, Gowda Vykuntaraju K VK, Kolandaswamy Anbazhagan A et al.

Self-limiting familial infantile epilepsy (SeLFIE) is an epilepsy syndrome characterized by recurrent focal motor seizures. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of SeLFIE are associated with the PRRT2 gene, with the most common mutation being the frameshift variant c.649dupC. This study broadens the mutation spectrum of PRRT2 associated with SeLFIE. To analyze the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of SeLFIE in relation to PRRT2 gene variants. A cohort of fifteen pediatric probands diagnosed with SeLFIE was clinically evaluated and genetically screened for PRRT2 mutations using Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of the variants was classified according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Twelve out of fifteen patients (80%) harbored the common hotspot frameshift mutation c.649dupC (p.Arg217Profs*8) in the PRRT2 gene. Three exhibited different PRRT2 gene variants, including a frameshift c.649delC (p.Arg217Glufs*12), a missense c.696C>G (p.His232Gln), and a nonsense variant c.649C>T (p.Arg217*). Initially, all patients were treated with either sodium channel blockers or in combination with other antiseizure medications like levetiracetam/sodium valproate. Later, changed to sodium channel blockers (oxcarbazepine, phenytoin or carbamazepine) in all cases and achieved seizure-free status in all the patients. Our study findings broaden the variant spectrum of PRRT2 in SeLFIE, while oxcarbazepine remains highly effective treatment for seizure control. Early-stage genetic analysis plays a crucial role in minimizing unnecessary diagnostic procedures and in guiding more effective disease management in SeLFIE patients.

PMID 42269415
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