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theophylline (Teonova syrup / Theodur Sprinkle / Theolan suspension)

✓ Approved

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation · ADORA1 · 小分子

什么是 theophylline?

theophylline 是一种小分子,由Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation研发。该药已获批,用于治疗相关适应症,给药途径:Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Teonova syrup, Theodur Sprinkle, Theolan suspension
公司Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ADORA1, ADORA2A
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved

作用机制

分子靶点

theophylline 作用于 2 个分子靶点:

ADORA1adenosine A1 receptor (RDC7)
ADORA2Aadenosine A2a receptor (A2aR, RDC8)
需要更深入的分析?Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

theophylline 针对 2 个适应症,涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersRespiratory disorder✓ Approved

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Zhuyecha (ZYC, Camellia sp.) is a newly discovered special wild tea plant resource in Cangwu County, Wuzhou City, Guangxi Province, China. However, there have been few scientific studies on it. This study investigated its morphological and chemical characteristics. The results revealed that ZYC is an arbor-type, upright plant with lanceolate leaves. The flower has five petals, five sepals, a trifid style, and a glabrous ovary. ZYC exhibited a unique chemical profile distinguished from common tea cultivars. Compared with the control cultivated varieties (Hongyan 12, Fuyun 6, and Yinghong 9), ZYC fresh leaves contained significantly higher contents of theobromine, theophylline, and gallic acid, but considerably lower caffeine and lower total catechins. The principal catechins were epi-form/galloylated catechins EGCG and ECG. Notably, theobromine was the most abundant alkaloid in ZYC, followed by caffeine and theophylline. In ZYC fresh leaves, 15 differential non-volatile metabolites were identified, and 22 key aroma compounds were screened, including linalool, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, heptan-2-ol, and β-myrcene, among others. The volatile components were primarily alcohols, aldehydes, and esters, contributing to floral, fruity, and green aroma attributes. This work enhances the understanding of the botanical and phytochemical properties of ZYC and provides scientific guidance for further research and efficient utilization of this natural low-caffeine/high-theobromine tea resource.

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Gesture and speech are integrated in adult communication, and growing evidence suggests that their coordination begins early in infancy. However, the developmental processes through which motor and vocal behaviors evolve into communicative acts remain insufficiently understood. This longitudinal study examines the frequency and developmental trajectories of spontaneous movements, rhythmic movements, and gestures-produced both independently and in coordination with vocalizations- during naturalistic triadic interactions (adult-infant-object). Nine infants (2-12 months) were observed monthly and analyzed through fine-grained microanalytic coding using ELAN. Communicative development was also assessed using the Spanish version of the MacArthur-Bates inventory. Results showed a decline in spontaneous movements after the first trimester, an inverted U-shaped pattern for rhythmic movements with a peak between 6 and 9 months, and a rise in gestures in the final trimester of the first year. Multimodal combinations were infrequent and remained stable across age. Only rhythmic movement frequency correlated with productive vocabulary at 9 months. These findings suggest that expressive development during infancy involves a gradual reorganization of motor behaviors, with distinct temporal and communicative profiles. The limited presence of stable multimodal patterns likely reflects an early phase in the emergence of multimodal coordination. By capturing these early forms of expressivity, the study sheds light on how specific motor behaviors-particularly rhythmic movements-contribute to the foundation of intentional and coordinated communication.

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The precise translational control of gene expression by small molecules through RNA-based switches holds considerable promise for both research and therapeutic developments. However, current high-performance RNA switches remain limited in adaptability, with strong responses typically constrained to a narrow set of specific ligand-aptamer pairs. To address this limitation, we introduce a robust and generalizable RNA platform based on a multivalent aptamer design, which significantly enhances ligand-responsive protein expression through alternative splicing regulation. We have demonstrated that the inherently weak aptamers, such as those for theophylline or tetracycline, can be dramatically improved through this multivalency circuit, elevating the induction levels from modest (<10-fold) to over 100-fold, an increase of more than an order of magnitude. Leveraging these improved switches, we achieve multiplex and orthogonal control over distinct protein outputs with these suboptimal aptamers. Furthermore, we implement precise manipulation of cellular phenotypes through the ligand-controlled expression of functional proteins, including the pro-apoptotic effector BAX and the adhesion protein E-cadherin. This work establishes a general and adaptable RNA platform for expanding the toolbox of small-molecule regulators of protein expression, with potential applications across synthetic biology and therapeutic applications.

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Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) from the Brazilian Amazon plays an important role in national production. While most cocoa is cultivated in upland systems, floodplain ecosystems represent a traditional and distinct production environment that may influence bean composition and quality. This study characterizes floodplain cocoa (FC) and compares it with upland cocoa (UC) from the eastern Amazon. FC fruits had an oval shape and thick husks, with smaller beans than UC, both well fermented. FC beans had higher fiber content (17.70 ± 0.7 g/100 g dry matter (DM)) and total polyphenols (27.04 ± 0.69 mg CE/g DM), but lower protein content (14.99 g/100 g DM) and antioxidant capacity (627.45 ± 30.99 μmol TE/g DM) compared to UC beans (fiber: 14.57 ± 0.40 g/100 g DM; protein: 16.44 g/100 g DM; polyphenols: 14.19 ± 4.19 mg CE/g DM; antioxidant capacity: 1112.58 ± 56.47 μmol TE/g DM). FC beans showed higher levels of caffeine and theophylline, and a theobromine/caffeine ratio typical of Criollo cocoa. Chocolates from both exhibited favorable attributes, including fine-flavor notes, and were similarly accepted by consumers. FC and UC beans exhibited distinct physicochemical profiles, both showing adequate fermentation and similar consumer acceptance, highlighting the potential of Amazonian cocoa for product differentiation and valorization of regionally distinct systems. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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