若生智能
Drug Database
LO

loxapine (Adasuve / loxapine, Staccato / AZ004)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · DRD2 · 小分子

什么是 loxapine？

loxapine 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Adasuve, loxapine, Staccato, AZ004
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点DRD2
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

loxapine 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

DRD2dopamine receptor D2 (D2DR, D2R)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

loxapine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Psychiatric disordersAgitation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Doppler Ultrasound Findings in Filler-Related Facial Vascular Adverse Events: An International Multicenter Study.

Sigrist Rosa M S RMS, Gonzalez Claudia C, Schelke Leonie L, Wortsman Ximena X et al.

Background: Vascular adverse events (VAEs) related to facial filler injections are rare but potentially severe complications. Doppler ultrasound has emerged as an adjunct imaging tool for evaluating vascular compromise; however, Doppler findings in facial VAEs remain insufficiently characterized. Objectives: To characterize Doppler ultrasound findings associated with filler-related facial VAEs and to assess whether Doppler patterns differ according to prior hyaluronidase administration. Methods: This international multicenter retrospective observational study included 100 patients with clinically diagnosed facial VAEs following filler injections between May 2022 and April 2025. Doppler ultrasound findings were analyzed, including absent flow in perforators and major arteries, compensatory flow, abnormal waveforms, increased peak systolic velocity (PSV), and absence of Doppler abnormalities. Patients were categorized according to hyaluronidase administration prior to ultrasound evaluation. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed. Results: One hundred patients (median age, 38 years; IQR: 30-50; 88 women) were evaluated. The most frequent Doppler ultrasound findings were absent flow in perforators (42%) and major arteries (35%), followed by compensatory flow (26%), string sign (18%), flow diversion (16%), and increased peak systolic velocity (16%). No Doppler abnormalities were observed in 12% of cases, while tardus-parvus (9%) and staccato waveform (8%) were less frequent. Doppler ultrasound findings did not differ significantly between patients who received hyaluronidase before imaging and those who did not (all p > 0.05). The dose of hyaluronidase varied substantially. Livedo reticularis, blanching, and pain were the most common clinical findings. Central facial arterial territories, particularly the perioral, nasolabial fold, nasal, and glabellar regions, were most commonly involved. Conclusions: Filler-related facial VAEs show recognizable Doppler ultrasound patterns, and the identification of these patterns may improve localization of vascular occlusion and support ultrasound-guided hyaluronidase administration, potentially enabling more targeted delivery with lower doses.

PMID 42279455
阅读全文 →
PubMedAmerican journal of human genetics2026-06-05

Identifying condition-related cell-cell communication events using supervised tensor analysis.

Dai Qile Q, Yang Jingjing J, Epstein Michael P MP

Many tools have been developed to infer active cell-cell communication (CCC) events, which are essential for understanding biological processes and diseases. However, existing methods for assessing the relationships between CCC events and biological conditions have at least one practical limitation: a lack of clear interpretation, an inability to adjust for confounders, or an inability to model inherent dependencies among CCC events. To comprehensively address these limitations, we introduce STACCato, a supervised tensor analysis tool for identifying condition-related CCC events. STACCato employs a tensor-based regression model to enable statistical inference of the relationships between biological conditions (e.g., disease status or tissue types) and individual CCC events while accounting for confounders and dependencies among CCC events. Through extensive simulations and real-world applications on a lupus single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset and an autism single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) dataset, we demonstrate that STACCato consistently provides improved inference of condition-related CCC events compared to alternative methods. The STACCato tool is freely available on GitHub.

PMID 42242209
阅读全文 →
PubMedComprehensive psychiatry2026-05-08

Real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic polytherapy on rehospitalization in psychotic disorders: A French nationwide cohort analysis.

Llorca Pierre-Michel PM, Falissard Bruno B, Baloche Emmanuelle E, Bournane Riad R et al.

Antipsychotic polytherapy (APP) is common in clinical practice for psychotic disorders. Previous studies suggest that APP may offer advantages over monotherapy (APM) regarding effectiveness and all-cause discontinuation. This nationwide study assessed the reproducibility and robustness of these findings. The primary objective was to compare psychiatric readmission rates between APP and APM in psychotic disorder patients METHODS: Data were extracted from the French National Health insurance database (SNDS). Patients aged 18 or older with at least one psychiatric hospitalization between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020 were included. The primary outcome was time to psychiatric readmission. A within-individual study design was applied to limit confounding, by comparing periods with different treatment exposures within the same patient FINDINGS: A total of 234,959 adults with at least one hospitalization for a psychotic condition were included, with a median follow-up of 7 years. Antipsychotic treatment was associated with a (20%-50%) reduction in psychiatric readmission risk compared with no treatment. Rehospitalization remained common (71.6%). The median cumulative rehospitalization duration was 67 days, and 21.8% of patients had more than four admissions. Among the 71.1% exposed to APP, several combinations demonstrated distinct benefits. Clozapine-inclusive combinations (with risperidone or amisulpride) and loxapine-amisulpride combinations reduced rehospitalization risk. Quetiapine combinations also lowered risk by (10%- 20%) compared with quetiapine monotherapy INTERPRETATION: Derived from a large cohort, our findings corroborate previous evidence that APP's benefit reduces psychiatric rehospitalization and support its utility for psychotic specific patient subpopulations. This study confirms the reproducibility and robustness of APP's effectiveness in real-world settings.

PMID 42096968
阅读全文 →
PubMedCurrent neuropharmacology2026-04-20

Potassium Channelopathies and Precision Medicine Approaches in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Personalized Treatment Strategies.

Xie Changning C, Yin Fei F, Kessi Miriam M, Peng Jing J

This systematic review aimed to summarize recent progress in precision medicine for all studied potassium gene variants related to epilepsy. It analyzed studies conducted in cell and animal models and in humans. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for all years up to 2025. Approximately 2257 papers were reviewed, but only 60 met the inclusion criteria: KCNT1 [n = 38], KCNQ2 [n = 10], KCNQ5 [n = 1], KCNB1 [n = 1], KCNA2 [n = 3], KCNA1 [n = 2], KCNA3 [n = 1], KCNT2 [n = 2], and KCNC1 [n = 2]. Therapies that appear effective for some patients with KCNT1 variants include quinidine, cannabidiol, fluoxetine, and carvedilol. Potential treatments supported by cell and/or animal models include bepridil and antisense oligonucleotide therapy. There is currently no precision therapy for KCNT2 variants; however, potential treatments supported by cell model evidence include quinidine, fluoxetine, loxapine, and riluzole. Emerging potential therapies for KCNQ2-related epilepsy include ezogabine, gabapentin, retigabine, donepezil, amitriptyline, linopirdine, pynegabine, SF0034, and XEN1101. Retigabine and gabapentin are potential therapies for KCNQ5 variants. Cannabidiol is a potential therapy for KCNB1 variants. 4-Aminopyridine is useful for KCNA1 and KCNA2 variants. Gapmer antisense oligonucleotides are a potential treatment for KCNA2 variants. Fluoxetine is a potential therapy for KCNA3 variants. Fluoxetine and compound RE01 are the potential therapies for KCNC1 variants. These studies collectively offer valuable insights into precision medicines for genetic epilepsy caused by pathogenic potassium variants. This review is essential because it informs clinical decision-making, including the selection of antiepileptic drugs, thereby supporting its integration into routine clinical care for this population. However, the low level of evidence and the heterogeneity of data from the included studies limit the review.

PMID 42003125
阅读全文 →
PubMedToxicology and applied pharmacology2026-03-30

Effects of music on hepatic cytochrome P450 1A enzymes in Sprague Dawley rats.

Shalaby Ali H AH, Adhiya Jinal J, Al-Dajani Ala'A R AR, El-Mahrouk Sara R SR et al.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A subfamily, regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is central to the bioactivation or deactivation of xenobiotics, endogenous substrates, and carcinogens. Music can alter hormonal and neurotransmitter concentrations, which are partly regulated by CYP-dependent pathways. This study investigated whether defined musical elements modulate hepatic CYP1A in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were exposed for 24 h to music containing variations of rhythm, tempo, and harmony. Of all conditions tested, fast-tempo, irregular-rhythm, and atonal-harmony (FT-IR-AH) produced the greatest increases in hepatic CYP1A1 (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) and CYP1A2 (7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase) activities. In the combined-sex cohort, FT-IR-AH music increased CYP1A1 maximum velocity (Vmax) and intrinsic clearance (CLint) by 3.2- and 3.1-fold, respectively, and increased CYP1A2 Vmax and CLint by 1.9- and 1.8-fold, respectively, without altering enzyme affinities. FT-IR-AH also increased CYP1A1 protein expression by 1.9-fold in females and 2.6-fold in males, and CYP1A2 by 1.6-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, with concordant elevations in mRNA levels. Replication of the same music elements across different music composers yielded consistent findings, with variations in effects potentially attributed to percentages of gaps (i.e., staccato) and frequency patterns. Selective induction of AhR-regulated genes in the absence of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidant gene activation suggests that FT-IR-AH music selectively engages AhR signaling without a generalized oxidative stress response. These data identify specific music features as an external stimulus capable of modulating CYP1A expression and function, with potential implications for therapeutic responses, toxicological effects, and drug interactions.

PMID 41905667
阅读全文 →
PubMedPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026-03-20

Uroflowmetric characteristics of children with non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction: a large single-center cohort.

Ozbakir Cagla C, Pehlivan Zorlu Betül B, Gullu Duygu D, Cankorur Osman Orkun OO et al.

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive test that measures changes in urinary flow rate over time and facilitates the recognition of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Most pediatric uroflowmetry studies have been conducted in healthy children to construct nomograms. This study aimed to evaluate the uroflowmetric parameters of children with non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction in a tertiary pediatric hospital. This single-center retrospective study included children aged 5-18 years with lower urinary tract symptoms who underwent uroflowmetry and pelvic floor electromyography (EMG) and met predefined functional criteria, while those with neurogenic bladder, anatomical obstruction, or neurological disorders were excluded. Uroflowmetric parameters were compared according to sex, age groups, and voiding patterns. A total of 1152 patients (median age: 9 years; 61.8% female) were included. Normal voiding patterns were observed in 64.3% of patients, followed by plateau (21.5%), staccato (7.6%), tower-shaped (3.6%), and interrupted (3.0%) patterns. Plateau patterns were more common in males, while tower-shaped patterns predominated in females (p < 0.001). Females had higher Qmax and voided volume than males (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), whereas no difference was observed in post-void residual urine (p > 0.05). Qmax was lower in plateau and staccato patterns but higher in tower-shaped patterns (all p < 0.001). Post-void residual urine was significantly higher in staccato and interrupted patterns (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Uroflowmetric parameters in children with non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction differ according to sex, age, and voiding pattern. Recognition of these differences may facilitate early identification of high-risk subgroups and support the development of more targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

PMID 41857422
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 724 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多loxapine