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azithromycin (Azimac)

✓ Approved

Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 azithromycin？

azithromycin 是一种小分子，由Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Azimac
公司Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma

治疗适应症

azithromycin 针对 8 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsSinusitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTonsillitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsUrinary tract infection✓ Approved

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相关研究文献

PubMedThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2026-06-13

Exposure to azithromycin and the effect of co-administration of rifampicin in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.

Rodgers M P MP, Stemkens R R, Dahl V N VN, van Laarhoven A A et al.

Azithromycin is a key drug in the treatment of most non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases. Its exposure may be decreased by rifampicin co-administration, but to what extent is largely unknown. We measured azithromycin exposure in an NTM disease patient population and quantified the effect of rifampicin co-administration. We retrospectively collected plasma azithromycin area-under-the-curve from 0 to 6 hours after administration in mg/L*hours (AUC0-6h), peak (Cmax), and trough (Cmin) concentrations from the TDM service at Radboudumc, The Netherlands. Azithromycin exposure measures were compared between patients with and without concurrent rifampicin use, and within patients who had rifampicin stopped during treatment. We analysed data of 130 patients, of whom 59% had NTM pulmonary disease. The azithromycin geometric mean of AUC0-6h in patients with (n = 48) and without (n = 82) rifampicin were 0.90 versus 1.83 mg/L*h, Cmax 0.22 versus 0.46 mg/L, and Cmin 0.043 versus 0.13 mg/L, respectively. A within-patient comparison in 14 subjects showed geometric means of AUC0-6h, Cmax, and Cmin (90%-CI) with rifampicin were 62% (45%-74%), 58% (38%-72%) and 66% (48%-77%) lower than without rifampicin. Interventions based on TDM enabled a strong increase in exposure to azithromycin. No association between azithromycin exposure and disease outcomes was shown, but the number of patients in these analyses was small. This study provides new population exposure data for TDM of azithromycin in NTM disease. Rifampicin co-administration reduces azithromycin exposure by at least half, underscoring the need for upfront azithromycin dose adjustment, application of TDM, or considering alternative drugs for rifampicin, also considering controversy around its effectiveness and adverse effects.

PMID 42287072
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PubMedAmerican journal of veterinary research2026-06-12

Clonidine-induced delayed gastric emptying persists despite prokinetic therapy in dogs fed a liquid meal as assessed by acetaminophen absorption.

Akers Nicole M NM, Harmon Ashlyn C AC, Dugas Tammy T, Dirikolu Levent L et al.

To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide and azithromycin on liquid-phase gastric emptying (GE) in a clonidine-induced delayed GE model using the acetaminophen absorption test (AAT). This was a randomized crossover study of healthy, purpose-bred, mixed-breed dogs performed in a controlled laboratory setting from May through July 2023. Dogs received 1 of 4 treatments 1 hour before ingesting a liquid meal containing 25% of their resting energy requirement and 20 mg/kg acetaminophen: no treatment (control), clonidine (0.03 mg/kg, SC), clonidine plus azithromycin (4 mg/kg, IV), or clonidine plus metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg, SC). Using high-power liquid chromatography, plasma acetaminophen concentrations were measured in 11 samples collected preprandially and at 10 time points between 0.5 and 24 hours postprandially. Time to peak concentration was used as a proxy for GE time. Results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with Sidak post hoc comparisons. 8 intact female dogs were included and received all 4 treatments in a random sequence. All dogs tolerated the AAT procedure well. Clonidine significantly delayed GE, increasing time to peak concentration from 80.6 ± 15.9 minutes to 187.5 ± 53.8 minutes. Neither metoclopramide nor azithromycin reversed this delay. The AAT identified delayed liquid-phase GE following clonidine administration. However, at the investigated dosages, metoclopramide and azithromycin did not mitigate clonidine-induced delayed GE. The AAT shows potential as a clinical tool for identifying delayed GE of liquids, particularly in critically ill or postoperative patients.

PMID 42276124
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PubMedThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2026-06-12

Molecular surveillance of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae to inform empiric treatment in remote settings: experience over 12 years.

Speers David J DJ, Minney-Smith Cara C, Simpson Hannah H, Rhodes Melissa M et al.

The remote regions of Western Australia (WA) have high gonorrhoea notification rates but low Neisseria gonorrhoeae penicillin resistance permitting the use of empiric combination oral amoxicillin, azithromycin and probenecid therapy. The predominance of molecular-based gonorrhoea diagnoses and consequent reduced phenotypic susceptibility data required PCR-based N. gonorrhoeae penicillin resistance surveillance to ensure the ongoing reliability of oral penicillin-based therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhoea in this setting. N. gonorrhoeae PCR-positive genital and non-genital specimens were systematically assessed across remote regions of WA for penicillinase production from 2012 to 2025 by detection of the N. gonorrhoeae TEM-1 plasmid using a specific real-time PCR. In 2012 <5% of N. gonorrhoeae positive samples in all remote regions were penicillinase-producing. By 2024, penicillinase detection rates had increased to >5% across three of the four remote regions prompting a review of the penicillin-based oral therapy in these regions. The continued recommendation of oral penicillin-based therapy for locally acquired uncomplicated gonorrhoea in a highly endemic setting must be evidence-based to ensure its reliability. Molecular penicillin resistance surveillance was successfully used for this purpose in the remote regions of WA where most gonorrhoea diagnoses are by molecular tests.

PMID 42283439
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PubMedApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026-06-12

Isolation, Structural Characterization, and Potent Leishmanicidal, Anti-Cancer, and Anti-Microbial Activities of a New Diosgenin Glycoside from Malvastrum coromandelianum.

Sheema, Jamal Qaisar Q, Bibi Karishma K, Shah Syed Adnan Ali SAA et al.

The ever-evolving microbes have posed serious threats to human health for the past couple of decades, which has left the synthetic antibiotics useless against certain microbes. This has led to a paradigm shift towards discovery of benign bioactive materials from natural sources, especially plants. Phytochemical studies were therefore carried out on Malvastrum coromandelianum, resulting in the isolation of a new diosgenin glycoside, salmanoside (1), along with two known metabolites, identified as digitonin (2) and 7-hydroxycoumarin (3). Compound 1 was found to be a significant inhibitor of Leishmania tropica promastigotes (IC50 = 43.33 µM), validated by in silico studies. The compound also inhibited the "super bug", Staphylococcus aureus (Zone of inhibition = 48.0 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (45.5 mm), much stronger than the standards, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin, along with inhibition of other bacterial strains. Moreover, the compound was also found to be a potent PC3 (IC50 = 7.55 ± 0.92 µM), HeLa (IC50 = 29.05 ± 0.25 µM), and 3T3 (IC50 = 32.68 ± 1.35 µM) cancer cell lines inhibitor. Salmanoside (1) exhibited moderate antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. In addition, compound 2 (IC50 = 14.5 µM) and 3 (IC50 = 12.73 µM) also exhibited strong Leishmanicidal activities. These results highlight the significant pharmacological potential of M. coromandelianum for further in-depth studies, in the quest for new and safer drugs.

PMID 42283991
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PubMedJournal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners2026-06-12

Increasing the evaluation of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections in primary care: A quality improvement project.

Volpert Elisabeth Marie EM, Corniel Brittney B, Croghan Aubree A, Humphreys Melissa M et al.

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections are frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care, contributing to adverse reproductive and genitourinary outcomes. Limited routine screening, diagnostic complexity, and variable provider awareness contribute to gaps in care. In an academic primary care setting, patients presenting with genitourinary symptoms were infrequently evaluated for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. This quality improvement project was conducted in two academic family medicine clinics. Pre- and postintervention retrospective chart reviews assessed rates of testing and diagnosis among adult patients presenting with urethral or vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and/or dysuria. Provider education and standardized evaluation and treatment algorithms were implemented. An educational session was delivered and supported with emailed materials. Standardized algorithms outlining indications for testing and recommended treatments were integrated into clinical workflow. During the study period, 519 patients presented with genitourinary symptoms. Recurrent symptoms consistent with Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma infection were identified in 205 patients (39.5%); however, 133 (64.9%) were not screened. Among the 72 patients (35.1%) who underwent diagnostic testing, 46 (63.9%) tested positive. Overall, 45 patients were diagnosed with Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma infections, including Mycoplasma hominis (26.7%), Ureaplasma parvum (31.1%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (20.0%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (20.0%). Most patients received guideline-concordant antimicrobial therapy, primarily doxycycline, azithromycin, or levofloxacin, with referral for specialty evaluation in cases of persistent infection. These primary care-based interventions reduced underdiagnosis and improved reproductive and genitourinary health outcomes. Targeted provider education and streamlined diagnostic protocols improved evaluation and screening for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in primary care.

PMID 42283401
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PubMedWater research2026-06-11

Hydrogen supplementation enhances microbial removal of selected organic micropollutants, reduces associated ecotoxicity, and improves nutrient removal in domestic wastewater effluent.

Liu Baiqing B, Leekitratanapisan Warich W, Pardon Marie M, Theus Alexander A et al.

Organic micropollutants (OMPs) compose a group of emerging contaminants that occur in environmental waters at trace concentrations (μg/L to ng/L) with suspected adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to eliminate the more recalcitrant OMPs. As such, WWTP-effluents are a major source of OMPs in the aquatic environment, and sustainable advanced treatment options are required. One option concerns the biodegradation of OMPs, but several studies show that it might be constrained by the residual low energy content in effluent waters. Since molecular hydrogen (H2) has been identified as a universally available energy source utilised by various bacteria in oligotrophic environments, supporting mixotrophic growth, we examined the hypothesis that H2 can enhance OMP-removal and concomitant ecotoxicity from domestic wastewater effluent. To this end, a lab-scale biological trickling filter supplemented with H2 (1.5% in the aeration with ambient air) was operated in continuous mode for treating a field-collected domestic WWTP-effluent. In total, 51 OMPs were detected in the WWTP-effluent, of which azithromycin and clarithromycin contributed to 76.5% of the total ecotoxic effects, as demonstrated in a cyanobacterial growth inhibition assay. The H2-supplemented trickling filter enhanced the removal of azithromycin and clarithromycin by (69.5 ± 1.5)% and (46.0% ±2.9)%, respectively, and increased the reduction of total OMP-associated ecotoxic effects by 56.5%, compared to the non-H2-supplemented control. Moreover, H2 supplementation improved PO43- and NO3- removal by a factor of 2.3 and 1.5, respectively. These findings demonstrate that H2 supplementation may support microbial processes involved in OMP-removal from domestic wastewater in a microbial treatment system, thereby reducing concomitant ecotoxicity.

PMID 42269463
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