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naproxen (naproxen, Verex / naproxen, Biovail)

✓ Approved

Bausch Health Companies Inc. · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 naproxen？

naproxen 是一种小分子，由Bausch Health Companies Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名naproxen, Verex, naproxen, Biovail
公司Bausch Health Companies Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Bausch Health Companies Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

naproxen 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

naproxen 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedEClinicalMedicine2026-08-02

Potential preventive role of low-dose methotrexate against incident recorded psychosis: a retrospective cohort study based on electronic health records.

Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana F, Taquet Maxime M, Deakin Bill B, Upthegrove Rachel R

Recent evidence suggests that low-dose methotrexate might have antipsychotic properties. However, it remains unknown whether low-dose methotrexate is associated with a reduced risk of incident recorded psychosis in real-world data, whether these associations extend to other putatively immune-related common psychiatric conditions, or whether similar associations are observed with other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In this retrospective cohort study using electronic health records (TriNetX US Collaborative Network), we identified adults with rheumatoid arthritis (age ≤45 years at treatment initiation; data extracted from 1 January 2000 to 21 December 2025). The 5-year risk of an incident recorded psychosis (primary outcome) and bipolar, depression, or anxiety disorders (secondary outcomes) were compared between low-dose methotrexate and each of 14 comparator drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis - three primary comparators (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs, naproxen, diclofenac and celecoxib) and 11 secondary and exploratory DMARDs comparators. Cumulative incidences and ratios of restricted mean time lost (rRMTL) are reported. Results were Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparison. Comparator cohort sizes ranged from 1161 to 21,445 (mean ages 33.7-37.4 years). For the primary outcome of psychosis, initiation of low-dose methotrexate was associated with lower 5-year incidence of newly recorded psychosis than initiation of naproxen (rRMTL 0.69, 95% CI 0.55-0.87) or diclofenac (rRMTL 0.71, 0.56-0.89); no significant difference was observed versus celecoxib or biologic DMARDs. For the secondary outcomes, low-dose methotrexate was similarly associated with lower 5-year incidence of newly recorded bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety compared with non-selective NSAIDs naproxen and diclofenac, with the mood and anxiety associations extending to the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib. In a real-world rheumatoid arthritis cohort, initiation of low-dose methotrexate was associated with lower 5-year incidence of newly recorded psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety than initiation of non-selective NSAIDs. Given that extensive trials of broad anti-inflammatories have yielded limited psychiatric benefit, the differential profile of low-dose methotrexate is consistent with a mechanism beyond simple inflammation suppression. We hypothesise potentiation of regulatory T cell-mediated control of systemic inflammation and neuro-glial regulation. The active-comparator observational design cannot establish causation; these findings are hypothesis-generating and confirmatory inference will require interventional studies. UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council [grant number UKRI4403] Mental Health Platform. The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research.

PMID 42542620
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PubMedChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-07-31

Organoboron- and DMSO-Mediated Ring-Opening of Cyclopropenones for the Acrylation of Alkyl (Pseudo)Halides.

Song Jingyuan J, Zeng Xulin X, Luo Yiming Y, Lu Zhenzhou Z et al.

Herein, we disclose a three-component tandem reaction wherein organoboron and DMSO mediate the ring-opening of cyclopropenones to trigger the subsequent acrylation of alkyl (pseudo)halides. A series of cyclopropenones with various aryl groups, together with diverse alkyl (pseudo)halides bearing primary, secondary, and tosylate-based leaving groups, are converted into trisubstituted E-acrylates under transition metal-free conditions. Using B2pin2 as the promoter and Cs2CO3 as the base in DMSO at 40°C, the desired products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99%) without the need for exclusion of air or moisture. DMSO serves as both the solvent and the oxygen atom source, while trace amounts of water in the reaction system donates the alkenyl hydrogen atom. The reaction exhibits high functional group tolerance and good scalability, and is applicable to late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals such as indomethacin and naproxen. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations, including isotope labeling experiments and control studies provide insights into the possible mechanistic steps. This formal three-component coupling joins two electrophiles via an exogenous oxygen atom, thus bypassing the need to pre‑match electrophiles with nucleophilic partners.

PMID 42535628
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PubMedDrug safety2026-07-31

Incident Neutropenia in New Users of Different Non-opioid Analgesics: An Observational Propensity Score-Controlled Cohort Study.

Gut Stephan S, Rauch Marlene M, Gaertner Jan J, Jick Susan S SS et al.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol have been associated with neutropenia and agranulocytosis with inconsistent results. To investigate the risk of neutropenia in association with frequently used NSAIDs compared to paracetamol. We conducted a cohort study using the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD. In three pairwise comparisons, we compared the risk of neutropenia including agranulocytosis (defined by Read codes) between new NSAID users (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) and new paracetamol users (active comparator) during a maximum follow up of 60 days. Secondary and tertiary outcomes additionally included (1) in-patient diagnosed agranulocytosis and (2) laboratory values indicating neutropenia. Both were additionally restricted to only agranulocytosis. We applied propensity score-fine stratification to control for measured confounding and quantified incidence rates (IRs) as well as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our weighted cohorts included 1,003,314 (paracetamol) to 2,207,612 (diclofenac) patients. Weighted IRs of neutropenia (primary outcome) were between 2.1/10,000 person years (PYs) and 2.3/10,000 PYs. HRs for the primary outcome ranged between 1.00 (95% CI 0.51-1.94) and 1.12 (95% CI 0.57-2.23) for NSAIDs versus paracetamol. The secondary and tertiary outcome yielded reduced HRs between 0.53 and 1.03, and even lower HRs when restricted to agranulocytosis (HR between 0.19 and 0.51). Our results indicate no risk of neutropenia for NSAIDs when compared to paracetamol. An increased risk of agranulocytosis in association with paracetamol is possible, but residual confounding by frailty may at least partially explain this association.

PMID 42536322
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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-07-30

Drug interventions for acute treatment of pediatric migraine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Cheng Yi Y, Li Jiaqi J, Liu Lei L, Li Guanglu G

Migraine in children and adolescents not only impacts academic pursuits and family life but also have secondary psychological effects. Determining the role of acute medication for migraine treatment in this population can reduce the burden associated with migraine. This network meta-analysis aimed to identify the relative efficacy and safety of acute migraine drug in children and adolescents migraine populations. The Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to August 2025, only published studies in English. Double-blind randomized clinical trials evaluating the currently available acute treatments for childhood and adolescent migraines were included. The primary efficacy endpoint was pain freedom at 2 hours. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the proportion of participants with pain relief at 2 hours, pain freedom from two to 24 h, and the proportion using rescue drugs after 2 hours and up to 24 h. Adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated. The analysis included 30 studies (involving 8,914 participants and 13 pharmacological interventions). All treatments included demonstrated higher odds ratios (ORs) compared with the placebo for pain freedom at 2 hours. Dihydroergotamine was associated with the highest ORs, but its confidence interval included null values. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium, ibuprofen, zolmitriptan nasal spray, sumatriptan nasal spray, and rizatriptan showed statistical significance. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium yielded the highest odds (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.87-4.53), followed by ibuprofen (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.47-5.64), and rizatriptan showed the lowest (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.23-1.86). Only sumatriptan/naproxen sodium was associated with a significantly higher OR compared with placebo for pain freedom from two to 24 h (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.31-4.07). Ibuprofen exhibited the highest effect size for pain relief at 2 hours (OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.10-9.34). None of the included drugs was found to reduce the use of rescue drugs from two to 24 h. Zolmitriptan was associated with the highest risk of AEs among all treatments. Acetaminophen appears to have the lowest risk of adverse events, comparable to that of a placebo. Ibuprofen can effectively relieve symptoms, characterized by a favorable benefit-risk profile. Sumatriptan and zolmitriptan nasal sprays also exhibited robust efficacy, specifically among populations with prominent nausea and vomiting. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium merits consideration, especially in patients exhibiting an inadequate response to monotherapy. Dihydroergotamine demonstrated potential benefits in refractory and chronic migraine; however, high-quality studies are warranted to validate these findings.

PMID 42529232
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PubMedThe Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons2026-07-30

Long-Acting Narcotic Multimodal Anesthesia Versus Standard of Care Anesthesia for Hallux Valgus Patients Undergoing a Percutaneous Distal Metatarsal Osteotomy: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial.

Karimi Shayan S, Bakhsh Dena D, Luo Lucy L, Mutch Jennifer J et al.

Hallux valgus surgery often results in significant post-operative pain, requiring narcotics. Optimizing pain management while minimizing opioid consumption remains an important clinical challenge. This study investigates whether multimodal analgesia (acetaminophen, naproxen, and pregabalin) with the use of long-acting tramadol reduces the need for short-acting narcotics following minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery under regional ankle block anesthesia. A total of 114 patients aged 18-70 with BMI ≤ 40 undergoing hallux valgus surgery were randomized into Experimental (Exp) and Standard (S) groups. The Exp group (n=56) received acetaminophen, naproxen, pregabalin, and Ralivia (tramadol extended release) pre-operatively, along with a post-operative regimen including rescue hydromorphone. The S group (n=58) followed standard protocols with hydromorphone as the primary analgesic. Pain (VAS scores) and short-acting narcotic use were recorded post-operatively, alongside steps and sleep using smartwatches. Two-sided t-tests compared VAS scores and narcotic consumption. Exp patients used significantly fewer short-acting narcotics in the first week, averaging 5.24 hydromorphone pills (20.96 MME) vs. 13.53 hydromorphone pills (54.12 MME) in the S group (p < 0.0005), however the Exp group consumed a higher overall MME. Notably, of all patients in the study, 27.2% did not consume any short-acting narcotics post-operatively (43.1% in Exp group and 10.7% in S group). Pain scores at 24 and 48 hours were significantly less in the Exp group (p=0.001, p=0.012), but the difference was minimal and not clinically significant. Steps and sleep were comparable between groups. Multimodal analgesia with long-acting narcotics in minimally invasive surgery was associated with reduced short-acting narcotic use, but higher overall MME compared to the standard protocol.

PMID 42526741
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PubMedRSC advances2026-07-30

Mesoporous silica encapsulated wheat straw derived carbon dots functionalized with Schiff base silane pockets: a sensing probe for aspirin.

Bhogal Shikha S, Mohammada Shaik S, Sharma Amol A, Singh Raj R et al.

A mesoporous silica-encapsulated wheat straw-derived carbon dots functionalized with Schiff base silane pockets (m-SiO2_ws-CDs@SBs) has been developed. m-SiO2_ws-CDs@SBs provides a synergistic platform that integrates the benefits of each component, including the optical properties of CDs, the high surface area and robustness of m-SiO2, and the molecular recognition capabilities of Schiff bases. The fluorescence of m-SiO2_ws-CDs@SBs remained constant, whereas upon the addition of aspirin (ASP), the fluorescence of m-SiO2_ws-CDs@SBs was quenched. m-SiO2_ws-CDs@SBs exhibit high sensitivity (limit of detection = 3.69 nM), linearity over a concentration range between 18-140 nM with R 2 of 0.9809. The m-SiO2_ws-CDs@SBs showed pronounced fluorescence quenching towards ASP and excellent selectivity for ASP in the presence of other pharmaceutical drugs, i.e., diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and mefenamic acid. Moreover, it displayed negligible interference from common excipients and metal ions at 1 : 1 and 1 : 10 molar ratios of ASP and interferent, respectively. The fluorescent probe has been used to analyze ASP in an aspirin drug product available at a local pharmacy, as well as in tap water and river water with an excellent recovery of 95.00-99.44%.

PMID 42529541
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