testosterone (TBS1 / Natesto / TBS 1)

Routine testosterone screening in military personnel: an opportunity for evidence-based implementation in men's health.

Mubarak Mohamed M, Modgil Vaibhav V

Chronic Subcutaneous Kisspeptin-10 Stimulates Gonadotropin Secretion for 12 Days in Healthy Men.

Yeung Arthur C AC, Phylactou Maria M, Koysombat Kanyada K, Tsoutsouki Jovanna J et al.

To develop a protocol for chronic kisspeptin administration that persistently stimulates gonadotropin secretion. We evaluated the effects of acute and chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 administration on reproductive hormones in healthy men to: (i) characterize the acute dose-response relationship to subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 infusion, (ii) assess the effects of continuous kisspeptin-10 infusion over 5-days, (iii) daily intermittent administration (8-hours on, 16-hours off) for 12-days. Randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Overall, 15 healthy men were recruited (Study 1: n=7, Study 2: n=4; Study 3: n=7); 12 men served as controls. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone, were assessed during an acute 8-hour dose-response subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 infusions (1.25-10.0 nmol/kg/h). Thereafter, we evaluated chronic subcutaneous administration, including continuous kisspeptin-10 infusion at 180 nmol/h for 5-days, and daily 8-hour infusions at 150 nmol/h for 12-days. (i) Acute subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 infusions dose-dependently increased LH, FSH, and testosterone vs vehicle (p<0.0001). (ii) Although testosterone concentrations remained elevated after 5-days of continuous kisspeptin-10, gonadotropin concentrations were similar to vehicle. (iii) Daily 8h subcutaneous infusions over 12-days sustained increases in gonadotropins (mean LH increase: vehicle -0.16 ±0.19; Day 1: +1.68 ±0.25; Day 12: +1.14 ±0.33, p=0.003 vs vehicle). Following 12-days, gonadotropin rises were still detected after kisspeptin-10 bolus (1nmol/kg) indicating that the kisspeptin receptor remained functional. We demonstrate that chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin administration sustain gonadotropin and testosterone secretion in healthy men for 12-days. These data can inform development of chronic kisspeptin administration protocols for the treatment of reproductive disorders.

Enhancement of freeze-thaw stability and gel characteristics in soybean-potato protein Pickering emulsions regulated by polysaccharides: Focusing on physicochemical properties and microstructure.

Sun Ying Y, Lu Binglin B, Qi Wen W, Liu Shen S et al.

Polysaccharide modulation is an effective strategy for tailoring the texture and stability of plant-based fat substitutes. This study investigated the modulatory effects of κ-carrageenan, konjac gum, and pullulan at three mass ratios (emulsion:polysaccharide = 5:1, 4:1, 3:1) on the stabilization of Pickering emulsion gels containing potato-soy protein composite nanoparticles. The results indicated that the modulatory effects were dependent on the type of polysaccharide. The pullulan group (3,1) imparted the smallest oil droplet size and optimal freeze-thaw stability to the emulsion; its gel water retention and oil retention reached 98.51% and 99.52%, respectively, with the best elasticity and cohesiveness. The κ-carrageenan group (3,1) maximized gel hardness and storage modulus, forming the network with the highest mechanical strength; konjac gum exhibited effects intermediate between the two. Mechanistically, polysaccharides act as physical fillers that synergize with proteins through steric exclusion and hydrogen bonding, promoting an increase in the content of α-helices and β-sheets; Raman spectroscopy confirmed the absence of covalent cross-linking. The dense, uniform network effectively converts free water into non-free water, reducing water mobility. This study elucidates the structure-property relationship between polysaccharide molecular characteristics and gel network configuration, providing a theoretical basis for designing plant-based fat substitutes with adjustable texture and controllable stability.

Gonadal function and fertility outcomes after orchiopexy versus orchiectomy for testicular torsion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nasr Aya M AM, Zamlout Ali A, Alghzawi Hamzah M HM, Youssef Youssef Ali YA et al.

To review the early and late changes in hormonal profiles, semen parameters, and clinical outcomes in patients treated with orchiopexy versus orchiectomy for testicular torsion. A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other databases, following PRISMA guidelines. FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin-B, and semen parameters. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Statistical analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Eleven studies involving 538 participants (197 orchiectomy, 341 orchiopexy) were included. Orchiectomy was associated with a significant increase in FSH (SMD: 1.63, P<0.0001) and LH (SMD: 1.31, P<0.0001) compared to orchiopexy. However, testosterone (MD: 0.31 ng/mL; P=0.4) and inhibin-B (SMD: -0.14; P=0.87) levels were comparable between groups. Regarding semen parameters, orchiectomy resulted in a significant reduction in sperm concentration (MD: -18 million/mL, P=0.01). No significant differences were found in sperm count (MD: 13.9 million; P=0.43), normal morphology (MD: 4.97%; P=0.12), or total motility (MD: 4.05%; P=0.49). The pooled rate for ipsilateral atrophy following orchiopexy was 38%, which likely depends on ischemia duration. Surgical choice in testicular torsion does not significantly affect the overall hormonal balance or most semen parameters due to compensatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Clinical decisions should consider individual case factors, as we lack reliable data on subsequent paternity rates.