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aztreonam lysine (Cayston / Corus 1020 / AZLI)

✓ Approved

Gilead Sciences, Inc. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 aztreonam lysine？

aztreonam lysine 是一种小分子，由Gilead Sciences, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Cayston, Corus 1020, AZLI
公司Gilead Sciences, Inc.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Gilead Sciences, Inc.

治疗适应症

aztreonam lysine 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsRespiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPneumonia pseudomonal✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchiectasisPhase III

相关研究文献

PubMedMicrobiology spectrum2026-08-04

In vitro susceptibility testing of aztreonam-avibactam against predominantly NDM-producing Enterobacterales in Peru.

Garcia Coralith C, Reyes Yelinda Y, Astocondor Lizeth L, Caytuiro Liliana L et al.

Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales are distributed worldwide, but some Latin American countries show a higher prevalence. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) may be an option for treating these infections. To evaluate in vitro susceptibility to aztreonam (ATM) alone and ATM-AVI in carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales isolates, based on the type of carbapenemase production, we prospectively collected carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales isolates from Peruvian hospitals during 2023-2024. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed by commercial panels and disk diffusion. Carbapenemases were detected by immunochromatography. ATM and ATM-AVI MICs were determined using broth microdilution panels with avibactam fixed at 4 µg/mL. The non-susceptible isolates to ATM-AVI and those with double production of carbapenemases underwent whole-genome sequencing. A total of 438 Enterobacterales isolates were analyzed; carbapenemase production was detected in 422 (96.3%) and NDM was the most frequent (61.9%). Coproduction of NDM + KPC in K. pneumoniae and NDM + OXA-48-like in Escherichia coli was observed. Overall, 99.3% were susceptible to ATM-AVI; MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.12 and 2 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, K. pneumoniae isolates had lower MIC50 and MIC90 values to ATM-AVI (0.12 and 0.5 µg/mL) compared to E. coli (0.5 and 4 µg/mL). Three E. coli isolates were resistant to ATM-AVI (MIC ≥ 8 µg/mL), they belonged to ST410, ST167, and ST10 and harbored a YRIN insertion in PBP3 along with CYM-type, PER-type, and CTX-M-type beta-lactamase genes. ATM-AVI demonstrated potent activity against carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales, including those producing NDM, which is the carbapenemase most frequently detected in Peruvian hospitals.IMPORTANCEEnterobacterales isolates cause common illnesses in humans. Carbapenems are the antibiotics used to treat several of these infections, and increasingly, isolates resistant to these antibiotics are found. The most important mechanism of resistance to carbapenem among Enterobacterales is the production of enzymes called carbapenemases. Our results allowed us to recognize that NDM is the most frequent type of carbapenemase detected. Most of the antimicrobials available do not cover the Enterobacterales carrying NDM carbapenemase. In this scenario, we found that the new combination of drugs, aztreonam-avibactam, has high in vitro efficacy against most of the carbapenem-resistant isolates and against those isolates carrying NDM carbapenemase.

PMID 42549896
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PubMedBiotechnology advances2026-08-04

ε-Poly-l-lysine biomanufacturing advances: From biosynthesis to specification-grade products and applications.

Zhu Daojun D, Li Shangyu S, Zheng Lei L, Zhang Hongjian H et al.

ε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) is transitioning from a food preservative to a bio-based cationic functional scaffold with opportunities spanning food, agriculture, and biomaterials. However, progress in the field is hampered by a persistent disconnect between titer-driven manufacturing optimization and performance-driven application development. To bridge this gap, we propose a specification-driven (spec-driven) framework that uses critical quality attributes (CQAs) to link molecular structure, industrial production, and application translation. First, we define a minimal, actionable set of ε-PL CQAs and map their molecular determinants to functional relevance. Next, we delineate the biological feasibility windows and constraints that govern these CQAs under high-throughput biosynthesis. We then synthesize integrated strain, process, and recovery engineering strategies to illustrate how CQAs can be translated into reproducible industrial specifications. Finally, application requirements are reverse-mapped to the CQA combinations most frequently required across use scenarios. We conclude that while titer remains important, further gains in titer alone are insufficient to unlock broad translation. Among the proposed CQAs, chain-length distribution, impurity profile, and manufacturing consistency are particularly critical because they determine functional performance, safety boundaries, and lot-to-lot reproducibility. Accordingly, chain-length control, impurity reduction, and integrated strain-process-downstream control represent key rate-limiting steps for developing specification-grade ε-PL product families.

PMID 42546810
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PubMedClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026-08-04

Development and Application of an Anaerobic Activity Index.

Mackow Natalie A NA, Komarow Lauren L, Napravnik Sonia S, Andermann Tessa M TM et al.

Antibiotics with anaerobic activity may result in adverse patient outcomes. Here, we report the development and application of an Anaerobic Activity Index (AAI) to quantify anti-anaerobic antibiotic exposure. The numeric AAI was generated for 21 antibiotics using in vitro susceptibility data for seven anaerobic bacterial groups. A binning strategy was applied to susceptibility proportions to result in the fewest antibiotic tied scores. In a cohort of patients with burns, 7-day anaerobic exposure was calculated, multiplied by days of therapy, and summed. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between AAI quartiles and a 90-day composite outcome including culture positivity with bacteria of interest, healthcare-associated infection, and/or death. We included 88 papers reporting on anaerobic activity. The AAI ranged from 4 to 59. Meropenem (59), ertapenem (58), and tigecycline (57) were the highest ranked antibiotics, whereas penicillin (20), doxycycline (13), and aztreonam (4) had the lowest scores. Several antibiotics could not be included for lack of data. In a cohort of patients with burns, the highest seven-day AAI quartile was associated with increased odds of the 90-day composite outcome compared to the lowest quartile (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.65-5.08), adjusting for Baux score and Charlson comorbidity index. We propose an anaerobic activity index (AAI) assigning numeric scores to commonly used antibiotics. We anticipate that this score will require updating as additional susceptibility data become available. The AAI may be used as a research tool evaluating the impact of anti-anaerobic antibiotics on patient outcomes.

PMID 42548283
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PubMedThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2026-08-04

Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Other Than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Species in Pediatric Blood Cultures: A Multicenter European Analysis.

Bianco Gabriele G, Gryndlerova Anezka A, Schønning Kristian K, van Kleef-van Koeveringe Stefanie S et al.

Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in pediatric populations, yet their epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance remain poorly defined. We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis across 56 hospital centers in 25 European countries, including pediatric blood culture isolates collected between January 2020 and December 2024. Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) current guidelines were analyzed. A total of 382 isolates were included, spanning 19 genera and 40 species. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was the most frequently identified species (46.9%; n = 179), followed by Roseomonas mucosa (10%; n = 38) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (7.6%; n = 29). Susceptibility profiles were heterogeneous, with notable resistance across several species. For S. maltophilia, resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole exceeded 10% (EUCAST), while full in vitro susceptibility to aztreonam/avibactam was observed. Preserved activity of carbapenems but high resistance to ceftazidime (EUCAST/CLSI), piperacillin/tazobactam (EUCAST/CLSI) and ciprofloxacin (CLSI) was observed for S. paucimobilis. Achromobacter several species showed concerning resistance patterns to carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (CLSI). Nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were frequently associated with healthcare exposure and complex resistance profiles. Their management is challenged by a lack of evidence and standardized susceptibility criteria. To optimize management, enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostic standardization and further clinical studies on emerging therapies are needed.

PMID 42547924
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PubMedKidney research and clinical practice2026-08-04

Unlocking potassium secretion: the roles of aldosterone, ROMK, and WNK kinases in kidney potassium handling.

Palmer Biff F BF

The normal human kidney possesses a prodigious capacity to excrete dietary potassium (K+). This evolutionary adaptation is rooted in the high-K+ diets of prehistoric hominids, which are estimated to have reached 15,000 mg/day. Despite the progressive reduction in dietary K+ since the advent of agriculture, the modern distal nephron remains an exquisite K+ sensor. This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms governing kidney K+ handling, tracing the pathway from early enteric sensing to the structural reorganization of WNK (with-no-lysine [K+] kinase), and detailing how the interplay between aldosterone and angiotensin II ultimately resolves the aldosterone paradox in the distal nephron.

PMID 42548167
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PubMedDoklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections2026-08-04

Comparative Analysis of the Amino Acid Spectrum of Blood Plasma in Adults and Juveniles of the Pond Bat (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825) from Natural Populations of the Urals.

Kovalchuk L A LA, Chernaya L V LV, Mikshevich N V NV, Bolshakov V N VN

Field and laboratory studies were performed to assess the age-related characteristics of the amino acid spectrum of blood plasma in pond bats (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825) from natural populations of the Urals. A comparative analysis of the free amino acid pool content in the blood plasma of adult and juvenile (subadult) female pond bats during the summer period of their annual life cycle is presented for the first time. The plasma amino acid pool of the pond bat, regardless of age, comprised 22 amino acids and their derivatives, including the full spectrum of functionally significant essential amino acids: threonine, valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan. An assessment was made of the interconnected role of the blood system and free amino acids in animals in shaping the species adaptive strategy in response to both seasonal variation in the annual life cycle and pathogens of natural and zoonotic significance.

PMID 42550419
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