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nitroglycerin

✓ Approved

Eisai Co., Ltd. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 nitroglycerin？

nitroglycerin 是一种小分子，由Eisai Co., Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Transdermal。

药物档案

公司Eisai Co., Ltd.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Transdermal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Eisai Co., Ltd.

治疗适应症

nitroglycerin 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersCardiac failure✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Glyceryl Trinitrate Enhances Caffeine Cytotoxicity Under Metabolic Stress in Cancer Cells.

Zeljković Vesna V, Bogavac Mirjana M, Soldatović Tanja V TV, Mladenović Marko M et al.

Cancer cell metabolism represents a critical therapeutic target, particularly under conditions of metabolic stress induced by glycolysis inhibition. Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN), a nitric oxide donor, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glycolysis inhibitor, have individually demonstrated anticancer potential through modulation of cellular metabolism and redox balance. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and combined effects of GTN and caffeine under 2-DG-induced metabolic stress in human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, HT29, and MRC-5). Cell viability was assessed using the sulforhodamine B assay after 24 and 48 h treatments, while drug interactions were evaluated using the Chou-Talalay method and combination index (CI) values. 2-DG alone reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 2.01 to 7.05 mM depending on the cell line and exposure period. The combined treatment further enhanced cytotoxicity, particularly in A549 cells, where viability decreased to approximately 63% after 48 h and the calculated IC50 value for GTN in the presence of caffeine reached 0.143 μM. CI analysis demonstrated synergistic interactions in HeLa and A549 cells (CI < 1), whereas HT29 cells predominantly exhibited antagonistic responses (CI > 1). However, strong synergistic effects were also observed in MRC-5 fibroblasts, indicating limited selectivity toward cancer cells. Molecular docking suggested favorable in silico binding of GTN to aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and caffeine to the adenosine A2A receptor. Nevertheless, these findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating because target expression, enzymatic activity, and pathway activation were not experimentally validated. Overall, the results suggest that GTN enhances caffeine-induced cytotoxicity under metabolically stressed conditions through combined metabolic and redox perturbation, although the magnitude of the response depends on cellular context and warrants further mechanistic investigation.

PMID 42280248
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-06-12

Pre-Procedural Vascular Phenotyping Is Associated with Radial Artery Functional Impairment After Transradial Catheterization.

Sakellariou Xenofon M XM, Nikas Dimitrios N DN, Papanagiotou Panagiotis P, Liberopoulos Evangelos E et al.

Background/Objectives: Transradial access (TRA) is the preferred route for coronary catheterization, yet its consequences for radial artery vasoreactivity and hemodynamic parameters remain incompletely characterized. We prospectively quantified TRA-induced functional impairment, its clinical determinants, and the association of baseline parameters with post-procedural outcomes. Methods: Ninety-four consecutive patients undergoing elective TRA were assessed at baseline, 24 h, and one month using high-resolution Doppler ultrasound. Nine vascular parameters were measured: flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), resting and hyperemic velocity-time integral, hyperemic blood flow volume, and lumen diameter. Non-parametric methods were applied throughout. Results: FMD declined at 24 h (-31.2%; p < 0.001) and showed no significant recovery at one month (p = 0.08 vs. 24 h). NMD showed a greater acute decline (-36.6%; p < 0.001) with partial but statistically significant recovery at one month (p < 0.001). PSV recovered fully by one month; RI fell below baseline, consistent with compensatory microvascular vasodilation. Radial artery lumen diameter remained significantly below baseline at one month. Radial artery occlusion occurred in 4 patients (4.3%), all with spontaneous recanalization. Female sex was selectively associated with greater NMD reduction (ΔNMD -8.3% vs. -5.8%; p = 0.005) without a statistically significant FMD difference (p = 0.40). Older age correlated with impaired FMD recovery at one month (ρ = -0.62; p < 0.001) but not with NMD outcomes. Baseline PSV demonstrated the highest discriminatory performance for significant FMD decline (AUC = 0.73). Conclusions: TRA causes multidomain, persistent radial artery functional impairment at one month, with distinct recovery trajectories for endothelial and smooth muscle function. Female sex and advanced age are selective determinants of injury and recovery, respectively. A pre-procedural phenotype comprising baseline diameter, PSV, RI, and age is associated with post-procedural outcomes and supports further investigation of pre-procedural phenotyping as a candidate framework for risk stratification.

PMID 42278993
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

The Impact of Intravenous Versus Intra-Arterial Heparin Administration on Radial Artery Spasm During Transradial Coronary Angiography.

Tusun Eyyup E, Mercan Mehmet Han MH, Karakaş Müslüm M, Korucuk Necmettin N et al.

Background/Objectives: Radial artery spasm (RAS) is an important complication during transradial coronary angiography that may negatively affect procedural success and reduce patient comfort. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) heparin administration on the development of RAS. Methods: This prospective, observational parallel-group cohort study included a total of 223 patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography. Patients were divided into two groups, receiving either IV heparin (n = 77) or IA heparin (n = 146). All patients received a standard dose of unfractionated heparin (5000 IU) and an IA spasmolytic cocktail consisting of 2.5 mg verapamil and 100 mcg nitroglycerin. RAS was defined as pain during the procedure, resistance during catheter manipulation, or the need for crossover. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Results: RAS developed in 40 of 223 patients (17.9%). The incidence of RAS was significantly higher in the IA heparin group than in the IV heparin group (23.3% [34/146] vs. 7.8% [6/77]; p = 0.004). Crossover to femoral access due to severe spasm was observed only in the IA group (6.2% [9/146] vs. 0% [0/77]; p = 0.026). Patients who developed RAS were younger, required a greater number of catheters, had longer angiography duration, and were exposed to a higher total radiation dose (p < 0.05 for all). In ROC analysis, the number of catheters used and angiography duration showed comparable performance in predicting RAS. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, IA heparin administration and the number of catheters used were identified as independent predictors of RAS. Conclusions: During transradial coronary angiography, intravenous heparin administration is associated with a significantly lower frequency of RAS and a reduced need for femoral crossover compared with intra-arterial administration. IV heparin may represent an easily applicable strategy for RAS prevention, although causality cannot be established from this observational study.

PMID 42279524
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PubMedHealth science reports2026-06-11

Pain Trajectories and Predictors Following Uterine Artery Embolization Using a Nitroglycerin-Lidocaine Protocol: A Prospective Study.

Mahdavi Sabet Fatemeh F, Ghorani Hamed H, Mahdavi Ali A

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is an effective minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic fibroids; however, post-procedural pain remains a major limitation. Intra-arterial lidocaine administration has shown inconsistent results with concerns regarding vasospasm and incomplete embolization. We addressed this by introducing a sequenced protocol utilizing prophylactic intra-arterial nitroglycerin. This study aimed to characterize post-procedural pain trajectories, identify predictors of pain severity, and evaluate the safety of the regimen. In this prospective single-arm study, 34 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent UAE between April and August 2025. To prevent vasospasm, 100 µg of intra-arterial nitroglycerin was administered into each uterine artery before embolization. Embolization was then performed to near-stasis, after which 2 mL of 1% lidocaine (20 mg per uterine artery) diluted to 4 mL was infused intra-arterially. Pain intensity was recorded using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-procedure. Associations between fibroid characteristics and pain were analyzed using correlation analysis. All procedures were technically successful without complications or vasospasm. The mean patient VAS score peaked at 3 h (6.24 ± 1.67) and gradually declined thereafter. The volume of the largest fibroid correlated positively with mean pain (ρ = 0.51 [95% CI: 0.10-0.77], p = 0.02) and with pain at 1 and 2 h (both p = 0.05). No significant associations were found between pain and uterine size, parity, or adenomyosis. The low-dose intra-arterial lidocaine regimen was well tolerated and did not affect embolization outcomes. The volume of the largest uterine fibroid was associated with greater post-UAE pain. Prophylactic intra-arterial nitroglycerin administered before embolization allowed subsequent intra-arterial lidocaine administration without observed vasospasm. Larger randomized trials are needed to further evaluate and optimize this analgesic approach.

PMID 42273016
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PubMedEuropean journal of internal medicine2026-06-11

Cardiological hypertensive emergencies: Real word data compared to guidelines indications.

Brucato Filippo F, Tognola Chiara C, De Censi Lorenzo L, Andrian Elisa E et al.

Cardiological Hypertensive Emergencies (CHE) are characterized by markedly elevated blood pressure (BP) values associated with acute cardiac hypertension-mediated organ damage (acute coronary syndrome, acute heart failure, acute pulmonary edema, or aortic dissection). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features and real-world BP management of CHE and to assess adherence to guideline recommendations by comparing ED practice before and after recent guideline release (2017 vs 2019). This single-center retrospective analysis included all adult patients admitted to the ED of Niguarda Hospital, Milan, during 2017 and 2019 with severely elevated BP (SBP ≥180 mmHg and/or DBP ≥120 mmHg) and acute cardiological organ damage. Target achievement was defined as ≥25% SBP reduction for 2017 and SBP <140 mmHg (<120 mmHg for aortic dissection) for 2019. 282 CHE were analysed representing nearly half of all hypertensive emergencies in both years. Nitroglycerin was the predominant intravenous therapy used. Short-acting nifedipine use strongly decrease from 2017 to 2019. Baseline BP values were 193.2/95.2 ± 14.2/17.4 mmHg and decreased significantly during the ED stay (∆ 37.4/17.1 vs 26.0/20.4 mmHg). The proportion of patients achieving guideline-defined targets was lower in 2019, reflecting the introduction of more stringent BP goals. This real-world analysis demonstrates a persistent gap between guideline recommendations and clinical practice in the management of CHE. The reduced target achievement in 2019 suggests that the adoption of aggressive BP targets remains incomplete, potentially due to concerns regarding hypoperfusion, limited dissemination of guideline updates or differences in documentation.

PMID 42270489
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PubMedAnnals of African medicine2026-06-09

Comparative Efficacy of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Intravenous Nitroglycerin for Hypotensive Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Double-blind Prospective Study.

Kayath Anuj A, Kaur Jasmeet J, Kumar Sandeep S, Rohilla Priyanka P et al.

This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of intravenous nitroglycerin versus dexmedetomidine in achieving controlled hypotension in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and to compare the effects of these drugs on hemodynamics, intraoperative analgesic requirement, surgical field quality, and recovery characteristics. This randomized study was conducted on 50 patients, randomly assigned into two groups: Group D (dexmedetomidine) and Group N (nitroglycerin). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained between 50 and 65 mmHg. Intraoperative hemodynamics, fentanyl requirement, extubation time, and surgical field (Boezaart scale) were recorded and statistically analyzed. Group D showed significantly lower mean heart rates (P < 0.001) and reduced fentanyl requirement (P < 0.0001). Group N achieved the target MAP faster and demonstrated shorter extubation times (P < 0.0001). The quality of the surgical field and the duration of the surgery were comparable. Both the drugs used in our study are effective for controlling hypotension during FESS. Dexmedetomidine offers added analgesic-sparing benefits, while nitroglycerin allows faster recovery, making it preferable in cases requiring early extubation.

PMID 42262357
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