若生智能
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abacavir sulfate

✓ Approved

Roche · 辅助诊断 · 辅助诊断

什么是 abacavir sulfate？

abacavir sulfate 是一种辅助诊断，由Roche研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Others。

药物档案

公司Roche
药物类别辅助诊断
给药途径Others
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

相关研究文献

PubMedEnvironmental research2026-08-04

The mechanism of achieving in-situ sulfide control while completing nitrate reduction in the anoxic stage of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process.

Xu Hao H, Tang Shilong S, Wang Yayi Y, Wu Min M

In the anoxic stage of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) process, similar to the anaerobic stage, sulfate can be reduced by sulfate-reducing bacteria to sulfide, threatening human health and environmental security. Without affecting nitrogen removal, utilizing nitrate refluxed from the oxic stage to directly interfere with sulfide conversion might be an effective strategy for in-situ sulfide control. Herein, the performance and mechanism of nitrate reduction on inhibiting sulfate reduction and controlling sulfide were explored for the first time in a lab-scale anoxic bioreactor in depth. The results indicated that sulfate reduction was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with nitrate reduction. In a semicontinuous experiment, compared with the group without nitrate, hydrogen sulfide and dissolved sulfide concentrations continuously and stably decreased by 68.62±1.66 % and 49.10±2.16 %, respectively, while 50 mg/L nitrate was completely reduced. Besides, the microbial community shifted from a simple structure dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria to a complicated and hierarchically organized structure dominated by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Among them, heterotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria were easier to utilize organics, which was a primary reason for sulfide control and nitrogen removal, while autotrophic nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were a secondary contributor. Furthermore, the expressions of sulfate-reducing genes were down-regulated, whereas the expressions of most sulfide-oxidizing genes and nitrate-reducing genes were up-regulated. This study provides a valuable idea and its theoretical foundation for achieving in-situ sulfide control coupled with nitrogen removal in the anoxic tank of A2/O.

PMID 42546871
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PubMedEnvironmental science & technology2026-08-04

H2O2-Driven Sulfate Formation at Air-Water Interfaces: Stepwise Mechanism and Accelerated Kinetics.

Zhang Yuchen Y, Yang Xiaohua X, Gu Jinkai J, Liu Yang Y et al.

Sulfate is a key component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with a profound impact on climate and air quality. From a global perspective, H2O2 acts as the dominant oxidant driving sulfate production, yet its acceleration mechanism at the air-water interface has remained poorly understood. Using a series of theoretical methods, we reveal that the prereaction complex exhibits a preference at the air-water interface. This interfacial reaction predominantly proceeds through a stepwise pathway, involving the formation of a HOOSO2- intermediate first from the nucleophilic attack of HSO3- on H2O2 and its subsequent isomerization to sulfate, with a low rate-determining step barrier (4.1 kcal/mol). Interestingly, compared to its bulk phase, the interfacial reaction not only proceeds with a lower reaction barrier but also exhibits a shift in the rate-determining step. This distinction is attributed to the enhanced interfacial reactivity from the effects of the interfacial electric field and partial solvation environment, which account for 89% of the total barrier reduction. Our findings elucidate that the air-water interface serves as a key region for H2O2-driven sulfate production, especially under rising atmospheric H2O2 levels from global wildfires, thereby providing the molecular-level mechanistic understanding necessary for refining atmospheric aerosol models.

PMID 42550079
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-08-04

Revisiting bone healing strategies: the potential of reverse dynamization in veterinary orthopedics.

Datoussaid Anas A, Balligand Marc M, Picavet Pierre P PP

Reverse dynamization is an emerging orthopedic strategy that modulates fixation stiffness throughout fracture healing to better align the mechanical environment with the evolving biological requirements of tissue repair. In contrast to traditional dynamization, which typically begins with rigid fixation followed by progressive destabilization, reverse dynamization permits controlled early interfragmentary motion before increasing construct stiffness during later stages of healing. This review examines the biological and biomechanical foundations of reverse dynamization and evaluates its potential relevance for companion animal orthopedic surgery. Current preclinical evidence from rodent, ovine, and caprine models suggests that reverse dynamization can accelerate callus formation, improve tissue organization, enhance vascularization, and increase the mechanical competence of healing bone compared with static or conventionally dynamized fixation strategies. These findings support the concept that staged modulation of fixation stiffness may better reflect the changing mechanobiological requirements of fracture repair. Particular attention is given to veterinary-specific considerations, including quadrupedal locomotion, variable postoperative loading, reliance on secondary bone healing, and the potential applicability of adaptive fixation systems such as external fixators and dynamic implant constructs. However, the available evidence remains largely restricted to controlled experimental models and is limited by small sample sizes, sparse independent replication, and the absence of clinical studies in veterinary patients. Reverse dynamization should therefore be regarded as a promising mechanobiological concept rather than an established clinical strategy in veterinary orthopedics. Further veterinary-specific investigations are required to define optimal mechanical parameters, evaluate clinical feasibility, and determine whether the benefits observed in experimental models translate to routine fracture management in companion animals.

PMID 42549246
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-08-04

From patient-derived tumor organoids to personalized cancer therapy: advancing treatment for advanced solid tumors.

Wang Gang G, Tan Zhibin Z, Jia Wenting W, Liu Yuanyuan Y et al.

Cancer remains a major global public health burden, with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment strategies, many patients with advanced solid tumors face treatment resistance and limited therapeutic options. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) have emerged as promising preclinical models for personalized medicine, but their clinical translational potential in guiding individualized treatment for advanced solid tumors requires further validation. The sample data of 164 solid tumors used for establishing organoids were retrospectively analyzed, and a clinical cohort involving 23 patients with advanced solid tumors was used to validate the feasibility of PDTOs in predicting the treatment response. The concordance between PDTO drug responses and clinical outcomes was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa test. The overall establishment success rate of organoids reached 91.5%, with the rates ranging from 90.6% to 92.6% across different cancer types. Histopathological analysis confirmed that PDTOs partially recapitulated the histopathological features and proliferative activity of matched original tumors. PDTO-based drug sensitivity testing showed good concordance with clinical treatment outcomes of patients with advanced solid tumors, yielding an overall accuracy of 85.0%, a sensitivity of 86.7%, a specificity of 80.0%. Clinical case studies further highlighted the unique value of PDTOs in overcoming multidrug resistance in advanced solid tumors. This study demonstrates that PDTOs exhibit favorable potential for predicting treatment responses in patients with advanced solid tumors, and may serve as a promising auxiliary companion diagnostic tool to inform personalized cancer therapy and assist in evaluating multidrug resistance for advanced solid tumors. Future large-scale, multicenter studies with stratified subgroup validations are warranted to further verify the clinical translational value of PDTOs in individualized tumor treatment.

PMID 42548623
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PubMedBiochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer2026-08-04

Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate on tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: an emerging multivalent target for liquid biopsy.

Boerrigter Emma P E M EPEM, Ten Dijke Peter P, Nieuwland Rienk R, Enciso-Martinez Agustin A

Circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) offer a minimally invasive source of real-time molecular information from cancers. Detection of tdEVs, however, is hindered by their heterogeneity, scarcity, and lack of robust identification markers. Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS), a placenta-associated glycosaminoglycan that is commonly re-expressed in cancer, has emerged as a promising, multivalent surface handle to recognize circulating tumor cells and proteoglycans in liquid biopsies. Recent work demonstrates that tdEVs released by diverse cancer cell lines and in plasma from patients with pancreatic cancer expose ofCS. This mini-review evaluates these findings and defines priorities for clinical translation.

PMID 42546853
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-08-04

Pragmatic evaluation of prescription glucosamine sulfate (pGS) in knee osteoarthritis: insights from a Filipino cohort.

Yu Julie J, Lichauco Juan Javier JJ, Navarra Sandra S, Chiaese Raffaella Maria Rita RMR et al.

The real-world effectiveness and tolerability of prescription glucosamine sulfate (pGS) in reducing knee osteoarthritis (KOA) symptoms in a Filipino cohort was evaluated. This 8-week, pragmatic, open-label, multicenter study enrolled 281 Filipino adults with mild-to-moderate (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2-3) KOA. Participants received pGS 1,500 mg once daily. Outcomes included changes from baseline assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain at Weeks 4, 6, and 8. Tolerability was evaluated through adverse event monitoring. Among 281 treated patients, 277 (98.6%) completed the study, and 245 (~88.0%) received pGS alone for the full period. These patients demonstrated rapid, sustained symptom improvement, with knee pain decreasing by Week 4 and continuing through Week 8. After 4 weeks, 132 patients (~47.0%) had already achieved ≥50.0% pain reduction. By Week 8, WOMAC pain showed a least squares (LS) mean change of -11.96 (95% CI: -12.26 to -11.67), with marked improvements in stiffness, physical function, and total score. VAS pain decreased from 68.4 mm at baseline to 11.9 mm at Week 8, consistent with meaningful clinical benefit. Treatment satisfaction was high, with 98.78% satisfied at Week 8 and a mean psychometric VAS score of 9.0. Patients with more advanced KOA requiring add-on therapy (n = 34) also demonstrated pain improvement, with an LS mean change in WOMAC pain of -8.81 (95% CI: -9.62 to -7.99). Overall, adverse events occurred in 4.6% of patients, were mostly mild, and led to only one withdrawal, confirming good tolerability of pGS as monotherapy and in multimodal treatment. Prescription glucosamine sulfate improved pain, stiffness, and function in Filipino patients with mild-to-moderate KOA as early as Week 4, sustained through Week 8. Treatment was well tolerated, with high satisfaction and one discontinuation. Most patients (~88%) were effectively managed with pGS monotherapy, while add-on celecoxib benefited those with insufficient response, supporting a multimodal approach for KOA symptom control in routine care.

PMID 42549386
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