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chloral hydrate (Escre suppositories)

✓ Approved

Hisamitsu · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 chloral hydrate？

chloral hydrate 是一种小分子，由Hisamitsu研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Rectal。

药物档案

商品名Escre suppositories
公司Hisamitsu
药物类别小分子
给药途径Rectal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Hisamitsu

治疗适应症

chloral hydrate 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Nervous system disordersEpilepsy✓ Approved
Psychiatric disordersInsomnia✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Ambient Music Decreases EEG Burst-Suppression Ratio During General Anesthesia in Rats.

Morozan Vlad-Petru VP, Stancu Mihai M, Pâslaru Alexandru-Cătălin AC, Pavel Bogdan B et al.

During deep anesthesia, the EEG becomes discontinuous. Burst-suppression is often an intended target during deep sedation or medically induced coma. Within this state, anesthetic depth is commonly monitored by the suppression ratio (SR), which expresses the fraction of time spent in suppression. However, accumulating evidence suggests that SR remains reactive to external stimulation. We tested whether ambient music commonly played in operating theaters alters the SR in male Wistar rats under sevoflurane, chloral hydrate, or isoflurane anesthesia. To this end, the first 60 s of the Stayin' Alive audio track by the Bee Gees were played to examine auditory-induced burst-suppression reactivity in an experimental model previously established for intermittent photic stimulation. SR and the burst-suppression reactivity index (BSRi, derived as the decrease in SR during stimulation normalized to pre-stimulation SR) were measured in repeated trials. Auditory stimulation transiently decreased SR under all three anesthetics. This was associated with an increase in the rate of burst occurrence without increased burst duration. The BSRi changes depended on the anesthetic type, comparable to photic stimulation. Our experimental data suggest that the suppression ratio used to monitor targeted burst-suppression reflects both anesthetic depth and the level of ambient stimulation. Ambient sound in the operating theater or intensive care settings could influence EEG-based measures used for anesthesia monitoring.

PMID 42281042
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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Intra-Species Response Variability of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to Lemon Essential Oils in Cheese- and Fish-Based Spreadable Foods.

Gaglio Raimondo R, Alfonzo Antonio A, Garofalo Giuliana G, Guarcello Rosa R et al.

This study examined the growth dynamics of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in two food matrices, cheddar cheese sauce (CCS) and salmon spreadable paste (SSP), and assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of freshly extracted essential oils (EOs) from Citrus limon cv. Femminello Santa Teresa (FST) compared with commercial (COM) EOs. Sensory sniffing tests indicated that lemon EOs were unsuitable for bio-preserving CCS. SSP supported rapid growth of both pathogens, whereas CCS caused an immediate and progressive population decline, highlighting strong matrix-dependent effects mainly related to pH. When applied to SSP, FST EOs significantly modified microbial behaviour, showing bacteriostatic activity against S. enterica and a rapid, irreversible bactericidal effect against L. monocytogenes, with complete inactivation within 24 h and no regrowth. In contrast, COM EOs showed weaker antimicrobial activity, producing limited growth reductions. SSP exhibited high growth potential (δ > 0.5) for both pathogens, with intra-species variability. FST EOs eliminated L. monocytogenes growth, yielding strongly negative δ values, while Salmonella δ values remained > 0.5, indicating reduced yet persistent growth. Throughout the experiments, pH and water activity (aw) remained nearly unchanged after EO addition, confirming that inhibition depended on EO bioactivity rather than matrix modification. Overall, FST lemon EOs represent a promising preservation strategy for fish spreads.

PMID 42279784
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PubMedCommunications chemistry2026-06-12

Discovery of a low-density filled-ice phase in nitrogen hydrate at high pressure.

Berni Selene S, Espert Sophie S, Poręba Tomasz T, Di Cataldo Simone S et al.

Nitrogen, Earth's most abundant atmospheric component, in the presence of water, is known to form clathrate hydrates, that are relevant to model the evolution of water-rich planets and satellites. Here, we map the high-pressure phase diagram of nitrogen hydrate up to 16 GPa at room temperature by combining neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and crystal structure prediction. We reveal a rich sequence of structural transformations, from sI/sII clathrates to hexagonal (sH) and tetragonal (sT) phases, culminating in a previously unknown orthorhombic filled-ice structure above 1.8 GPa. This new phase cannot be indexed to any known ice frameworks and exhibits a density approximately 30% lower than that of stable ice VII, pointing to distinctive water-nitrogen interactions. Our results refine the understanding of nitrogen hydrate behavior under extreme conditions and demonstrate the propensity of N2 and H2O to form stable filled-ice structures up to 16 GPa, with important implications for planetary science.

PMID 42277331
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-06-12

Reduced Myocardial Serine Synthesis Impairs Functional, Metabolic, and Redox Adaptations to Cardiac Stress.

Rezaee Malihe M, Keykhaei Mohammad M, Koleini Navid N, Panesar Tegbir T et al.

Impaired myocardial metabolism is a defining feature of heart failure, but many defective pathways and mechanisms remain to be identified. Prior studies find phosphoglycerate kinase and its synthesized product 3-phospho-glycerate required for the serine synthetic pathway (SSP) are reduced in human HFpEF myocardium. As serine is also provided exogenously, the impact of SSP reduction is uncertain. Here, we tested if and how SSP decline coupled to phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) impacts cardiomyocyte (CM) and whole heart metabolic remodeling and stress responses. Studies were performed in isolated CMs and mice with CM-selective knock-down of PHGDH. Using pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of PHGDH, we tested their impact on CM one-carbon metabolism pathways, cell hypertrophic responses, mitochondrial respiration, and in vivo functional, structural, and metabolic adaptations to pressure-overload stress. In CMs, PHGDH inhibition caused dose-dependent serine depletion linearly coupled with cytotoxicity, accompanied by NAD/NADH and GSH/GSSG imbalance, reduced ATP, and disruption of one-carbon and nucleotide metabolites. Stable-isotope tracing revealed distinct metabolic fates of glucose-derived (SSP) versus exogenous serine. Exogenous serine did not rescue PHGDH-deficient CMs, whereas combined ribose and an anti-oxidant (DTT) attenuated injury and reduced nucleotide pools. PHGDH suppression reduced amino acid abundance, impaired nascent protein synthesis, and blunted endothelin-1-induced hypertrophic and mitochondrial respiration. In vivo , cardiomyocyte-specific PHGDH heterozygous mice (PHGDH +/- ) had no basal phenotype, but amplified chamber dilation, dysfunction, fibrosis, and mortality 4 weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Corresponding increases in amino acids, one-carbon metabolites, nucleotides, and TCA-cycle intermediates in wild-type TAC hearts were significantly blunted in PHGDH +/- hearts. Cardiomyocyte SSP is a critical regulator of redox balance, one-carbon metabolism, purine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and growth-related pathways required for cardiac adaptation to pressure overload. It is non-redundant with exogenous serine by providing distinct influences on key metabolic pathways and is a potential therapeutic target.

PMID 42282840
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PubMedEcology and evolution2026-06-12

Facilitative Effects of Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa on Betula nana ssp. exilis Growth in Arctic Alaska.

Drew Jackson W JW, Bret-Harte Marion Syndonia MS, Buchwal Agata A, Ruess Roger R

Arctic deciduous shrubs have responded to warming by increasing cover and extent, but how plant interactions (i.e., facilitation and competition) among deciduous shrub species might influence their climate sensitivities and overall growth remains unclear. Here, we investigate two deciduous shrubs: Betula nana ssp. exilis (dwarf birch) and Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosa (Siberian alder), the Arctic's only tall N-fixing shrub, to determine how Siberian alder affects the growth of nearby dwarf birch. We harvested dwarf birch shrubs growing 'near' (i.e., within 1 m) and 'away' (≥ 3 m) from Siberian alders growing along the Sagwon Bluffs in Arctic Alaska for dendrochronological analysis. Dwarf birch traits and other site characteristics, including height, leaf N, catkin production, frost damage, and snow depth, were measured at additional sites nearby. We discovered locations 'near' Siberian alder had greater snow depth, which delayed the growing season for nearby dwarf birch, but likely protected them from early-season frost damage. We estimated that radial growth occurring within 1979-2016 was delayed by 9 days, and peak radial growth was delayed by 2 weeks, for dwarf birch growing 'near' as compared to 'away' from alder. This resulted in different climate sensitivities for dwarf birch between locations. Measures of dwarf birch height, catkin abundance, leaf N, and average growth ring area were greater for plants 'near' alder than those 'away' from alder. This suggests that Siberian alder increased N mineralization and soil N availability under the deeper snowpack. Siberian alder facilitated dwarf birch growth. Through plant-plant interactions, Siberian alder altered the strength and type of stressors dwarf birch experienced, resulting in a change to the seasonality of its radial growth. Therefore, high-spatial resolution species composition data could be included in vegetation models to predict future tundra growth responses more accurately to a changing climate.

PMID 42282977
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PubMedPlants (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Nanopore Data-Driven Near-T2T Genome Assembly of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica Rousi and Its Complex Annotation.

Arkhipov Alexander A AA, Bolsheva Nadezhda L NL, Pushkova Elena N EN, Babenko Vladislav V VV et al.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a valuable plant whose fruits are rich in biologically active compounds. We sequenced the genome of variety Triumf of H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica Rousi on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform. With the Hifiasm algorithm optimized for ONT data, we assembled the 1.17-Gb genome into eleven complete chromosomes and one chromosome consisting of two contigs, which were scaffolded (Chr3). Eleven of twelve chromosomes had pronounced telomeric repeats at both ends and were assembled as telomere-to-telomere (T2T), and one chromosome (Chr12) had telomeric repeats only at one end. We also sequenced transcriptomes of thirteen Triumf organs/tissues and performed genome annotation using these and previously obtained RNA-Seq data for this variety. As a result, we predicted 25,915 genes and 30,527 transcripts. Repetitive elements comprised 66.9% of the genome size. The obtained near-T2T annotated genome assembly of H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica variety Triumf enabled the identification of correct composition and sequences of important gene families in sea buckthorn. We demonstrated this with the FAT, SAD, and FAD gene families involved in fatty acid synthesis. Expression analysis revealed which FAT, SAD, and FAD genes are essential for specific organs/tissues. Thus, the Triumf genome assembly is a crucial tool for basic and applied studies of H. rhamnoides.

PMID 42280763
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