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pembrolizumab

✓ Approved

Dako · CD274 · 辅助诊断

什么是 pembrolizumab？

pembrolizumab 是一种辅助诊断，由Dako研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Others。

药物档案

公司Dako
药物类别辅助诊断
分子靶点CD274
给药途径Others
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Dako

作用机制

分子靶点

pembrolizumab 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CD274CD274 molecule (B7H1, B7-H)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

pembrolizumab 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Uterine cancer✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedCase reports in oncology2026-08-04

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis under Empagliflozin during Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer: A Case-Report.

Alaluf Emmanuelle E, Chat Dana D, Itay Amit A, Menes Tehillah T et al.

Empagliflozin is a widely used medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that can increase the risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among susceptible patients. Pembrolizumab cancer immunotherapy can lead to immune-related adverse events such as diabetes mellitus (DM), with most of the reported cases presenting with hyperglycemic DKA. However, euglycemic DKA (eDKA) can also occur and is particularly dangerous because of the potential for delayed or misdiagnosis of DKA. We report a breast cancer patient with DM receiving empagliflozin and basal insulin therapy, presenting with eDKA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pembrolizumab immunotherapy. The patient's condition deteriorated into a comatose state, which necessitated intubation and mechanical ventilation. She improved under intravenous fluids and insulin, returned to full consciousness, was extubated and discharged from the intensive care unit. She underwent surgery and radiotherapy and was most recently seen in the oncology unit with an excellent performance status again. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of fulminant eDKA in a breast cancer patient treated with empagliflozin, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pembrolizumab immunotherapy according to the Keynote 522 regimen, despite basal insulin therapy initiation, highlighting the need to use this combination with caution.

PMID 42549445
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PubMedCase reports in oncology2026-08-04

Early-Onset Direct Antiglobulin Test-Negative Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Induced by Pembrolizumab in Perioperative Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Report.

Fujii Ryohei R, Shibata Nobuhiro N, Kikawa Yuichiro Y, Fujita Shinya S et al.

Hematological immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are rare, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is particularly uncommon. A 71-year-old woman with stage IIA triple-negative breast cancer received perioperative pembrolizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel. During the first treatment cycle, she developed acute severe anemia with laboratory findings consistent with hemolysis. Despite a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT), major alternative causes of hemolysis were considered unlikely, leading to a clinical diagnosis of suspected ICI-associated AIHA. Oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) promptly resolved hemolysis without recurrence. Pembrolizumab was discontinued; however, imaging demonstrated a clinical complete response, and subsequent surgery confirmed a pathological complete response (pCR). This case demonstrates that AIHA during ICI therapy may occur despite a negative DAT and underscores the importance of prompt recognition and corticosteroid therapy. Favorable oncologic outcomes, including pCR, may still be achieved despite early discontinuation of ICI therapy.

PMID 42549475
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-08-04

Vitiligo-like depigmentation following neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab in early triple-negative breast cancer: a case report.

Deng Yinglei Y, Mao Dahua D, Zhang Shaogang S, Wang Jing J

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with an unfavourable prognosis. In recent years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become a standard treatment strategy for selected patients with early-stage TNBC. With the increasing use of immunotherapy, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have received growing attention, among which cutaneous irAEs are the most frequently reported. However, vitiligo-like depigmentation remains a rare and infrequently described manifestation in the context of breast cancer immunotherapy. We report the case of a patient with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who experienced tumour progression following anthracycline- and cyclophosphamide-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy at an outside institution. The patient was subsequently referred to our centre and treated with taxane- and carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with pembrolizumab, resulting in a gradual reduction in tumour size on serial imaging assessments. Surgical resection was subsequently performed, with postoperative pathological evaluation confirming a pathological complete response. Around the fourth cycle of postoperative pembrolizumab maintenance therapy, the patient gradually developed vitiligo-like depigmentation predominantly involving the dorsal aspects of both hands and the perioral region, with additional scattered hypopigmented lesions on the trunk. These cutaneous changes were asymptomatic and did not interrupt the planned course of immunotherapy. This case suggests that vitiligo-like depigmentation may occur as a rare immune-related cutaneous manifestation in patients receiving pembrolizumab-based therapy for early-stage TNBC. Although this finding has no established predictive value for treatment outcomes in breast cancer, recognising this manifestation may help clinicians distinguish it from other dermatological conditions and avoid unnecessary treatment interruption when the lesions are mild and asymptomatic. Further reports are needed to clarify the incidence, biological basis, and clinical significance of immune-related depigmentation in patients with breast cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

PMID 42548621
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-08-04

Revisiting bone healing strategies: the potential of reverse dynamization in veterinary orthopedics.

Datoussaid Anas A, Balligand Marc M, Picavet Pierre P PP

Reverse dynamization is an emerging orthopedic strategy that modulates fixation stiffness throughout fracture healing to better align the mechanical environment with the evolving biological requirements of tissue repair. In contrast to traditional dynamization, which typically begins with rigid fixation followed by progressive destabilization, reverse dynamization permits controlled early interfragmentary motion before increasing construct stiffness during later stages of healing. This review examines the biological and biomechanical foundations of reverse dynamization and evaluates its potential relevance for companion animal orthopedic surgery. Current preclinical evidence from rodent, ovine, and caprine models suggests that reverse dynamization can accelerate callus formation, improve tissue organization, enhance vascularization, and increase the mechanical competence of healing bone compared with static or conventionally dynamized fixation strategies. These findings support the concept that staged modulation of fixation stiffness may better reflect the changing mechanobiological requirements of fracture repair. Particular attention is given to veterinary-specific considerations, including quadrupedal locomotion, variable postoperative loading, reliance on secondary bone healing, and the potential applicability of adaptive fixation systems such as external fixators and dynamic implant constructs. However, the available evidence remains largely restricted to controlled experimental models and is limited by small sample sizes, sparse independent replication, and the absence of clinical studies in veterinary patients. Reverse dynamization should therefore be regarded as a promising mechanobiological concept rather than an established clinical strategy in veterinary orthopedics. Further veterinary-specific investigations are required to define optimal mechanical parameters, evaluate clinical feasibility, and determine whether the benefits observed in experimental models translate to routine fracture management in companion animals.

PMID 42549246
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-08-04

From patient-derived tumor organoids to personalized cancer therapy: advancing treatment for advanced solid tumors.

Wang Gang G, Tan Zhibin Z, Jia Wenting W, Liu Yuanyuan Y et al.

Cancer remains a major global public health burden, with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment strategies, many patients with advanced solid tumors face treatment resistance and limited therapeutic options. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) have emerged as promising preclinical models for personalized medicine, but their clinical translational potential in guiding individualized treatment for advanced solid tumors requires further validation. The sample data of 164 solid tumors used for establishing organoids were retrospectively analyzed, and a clinical cohort involving 23 patients with advanced solid tumors was used to validate the feasibility of PDTOs in predicting the treatment response. The concordance between PDTO drug responses and clinical outcomes was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa test. The overall establishment success rate of organoids reached 91.5%, with the rates ranging from 90.6% to 92.6% across different cancer types. Histopathological analysis confirmed that PDTOs partially recapitulated the histopathological features and proliferative activity of matched original tumors. PDTO-based drug sensitivity testing showed good concordance with clinical treatment outcomes of patients with advanced solid tumors, yielding an overall accuracy of 85.0%, a sensitivity of 86.7%, a specificity of 80.0%. Clinical case studies further highlighted the unique value of PDTOs in overcoming multidrug resistance in advanced solid tumors. This study demonstrates that PDTOs exhibit favorable potential for predicting treatment responses in patients with advanced solid tumors, and may serve as a promising auxiliary companion diagnostic tool to inform personalized cancer therapy and assist in evaluating multidrug resistance for advanced solid tumors. Future large-scale, multicenter studies with stratified subgroup validations are warranted to further verify the clinical translational value of PDTOs in individualized tumor treatment.

PMID 42548623
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PubMedMicrobiology spectrum2026-08-04

Enhancing meningitis diagnosis: a diagnostic stewardship workflow in a resource-limited setting.

Chiappe Gonzalez Alfredo A, Gómez de la Torre Juan Carlos JC, Montenegro-Idrogo Juan José JJ, Mori Nicanor N et al.

Central nervous system (CNS) infections cause high morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden is unevenly distributed. This study aims to develop a diagnostic stewardship workflow (DSW) to improve diagnostic efficiency and increase pathogen detection in resource-limited settings. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in adults with suspected meningitis in Lima, Peru. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were processed in parallel by the hospital laboratory (standard of care [SoC]) and an independent reference laboratory executing the DSW, enabling within-patient head-to-head comparison. The DSW was compared with the SoC using McNemar's and Cochran's Q tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction. Among 103 adults (median age: 39 years, 36.9% HIV-positive), CNS infection was confirmed in 44 (42.7%), and a non-infectious etiology was diagnosed in 20 (19.4%). The DSW achieved significantly higher pathogen detection rates (97.7%; 43/44 confirmed cases). Incremental yield over SoC was etiology-specific: 0 pp for cryptococcosis, +36 pp for tuberculous meningitis, +67 pp for bacterial meningitis, and +100 pp for viral encephalitis. A deterministic cost simulation showed that applying the DSW with sequential stopping rules would reduce per-cohort diagnostic expenditure by approximately 61% compared with the all-tests-to-all strategy applied in this study. A DSW substantially increases pathogen detection compared to standard diagnostic procedures, with the largest incremental gains for viral and difficult-to-culture bacterial pathogens, while reducing unnecessary testing and diagnostic costs and providing practical guidance to clinicians to streamline the diagnostic process. We developed a meningitis diagnostic stewardship workflow using clinical information and initial test results to guide decision-making and streamline pathogen detection. This approach increased diagnostic yield, has the potential to reduce unnecessary testing, and may support more efficient diagnostic care in resource-limited settings.

PMID 42549913
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