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ibuprofen (ibuprofen, Diffutab)

✓ Approved

Therabel · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 ibuprofen？

ibuprofen 是一种小分子，由Therabel研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名ibuprofen, Diffutab
公司Therabel
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Therabel

作用机制

分子靶点

ibuprofen 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

ibuprofen 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of hazardous materials2026-08-07

Adaptive genetic trade-offs govern the enantioselective degradation and horizontal transfer of ibuprofen catabolic genes.

Zhu Weihao W, Jiang Mingli M, Fan Rui R, Pan Kaihua K et al.

Ibuprofen (IBU), a prevalent chiral pharmaceutical, was a common emerging contaminant in municipal wastewater. The mechanisms underlying its enantioselective microbial degradation and the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of associated ipf genes remain poorly understood. Here, we reported Sphingopyxis sp. 550A, a bacterium capable of degrading both IBU enantiomers but exhibited a distinct preference for R-(-)-IBU, which preference was determined by the IpfF, an aromatic CoA ligase. Molecule docking analysis revealed that differential catalytic atomic distances govern enantioselective efficiency of IpfF. The ipfABDEFG genes demonstrated concentration-dependent genetic dynamics: low IBU stress (1 mg·L-1) promoted ipfABDEFG gene cluster transfer to other sphingomonads through HGT, while high stress (≥ 10 mg·L-1) induced toxic intermediate accumulation and IS6100-mediated gene loss to alleviate cellular toxicity. Leveraging these insights, we constructed a microbial co-culture of strain 550 A and Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete removal of high-concentration IBU and its toxic metabolite, 4-isobutylcatechol. This work provided a framework for understanding enzymatic enantioselectivity toward chiral pharmaceuticals and highlights the role of HGT in shaping bioremediation potential within engineered microbial communities.

PMID 42561690
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-08-07

Crosslinked gelatin pastilles prepared via maillard reaction as oral dosage form of ionic liquid pharmaceuticals.

Ng Liu Han LH, Chew Li Ying LY, Yeo Ying Tong YT, Teo Eng Hui EH et al.

Ionic liquid pharmaceuticals (ILP) represent a new class of pharmaceuticals that can circumvent the issues of low aqueous solubility and polymorphism prevalent in pharmaceutical crystals. Due to their highly viscous and hygroscopic nature, ILPs must be formulated into solid dosage forms to ensure their shelf-life stability and dosing accuracy. Gelatin is widely used as carrier matrix for ILPs owed to its high compatibility with various ILPs. Gelatin-based dosage forms, however, exhibit poor storage stability, thereby necessitating reinforcement of the gelatin matrix. The present work investigated the feasibility of employing Maillard reaction (MR)-mediated crosslinking of gelatin with sugars to enhance the storage stability of chewable ILP-loaded gelatin pastilles, while simultaneously conferring taste-masking properties to them. Ionic-liquid pair of poorly-soluble drug ibuprofen (IBU) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) was used as the model ILP. The effects of the degree of gelatin crosslinking, which was modulated by stevia: glucose ratio, on the quality attributes (e.g., dosage uniformity, IBU-BMIM release) and storage stability of the pastilles were evaluated. The results showed MR-mediated crosslinking preserved the liquid-like form of IBU-BMIM in the pastilles, without adverse effect on IBU-BMIM content (≈30 wt%) and its entrapment efficiency (>95 wt%). The pastilles prepared at stevia: glucose = 75:25 (w/w) exhibited 80 wt% IBU-BMIM release after 120 min (intact dosage), high dosage uniformity, and comparable texture/taste profiles as commercial chewable drug tablets. Importantly, the pastilles exhibited good stability after one-month accelerated storage (40°C and 75% relative humidity), as reflected by minimal changes in their quality attributes and high microbiological safety.

PMID 42551677
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PubMedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026-08-06

The cycle of infectious fever - how it affects bacterial infections.

Kramarczyk Kinga K, Schmidt Piotr P, Krasna Karina K, Jasińska Weronika W et al.

Fever is one of the human body's most effective strategies in fighting infections. However, its precise role in eliminating pathogens, specifically the influence of heat on the bacterial cells on the mechanistic level under febrile temperatures has never been fully delineated. The concept of fever, as the immune system's first line of defense against pathogens involves two main components: the inflammatory response and the heat, which stimulates the host's immune cells and affects pathogens. This article summarizes independent findings, grouping the development of fever into a circular model, starting with pathogen invasion and the release of bacteria's exogenous pyrogens, continuing through the host immune response, and debating on the impact of fever on numerous human pathogens. This model focuses broadly on processes occurring within bacteria, particularly pathogen adaptation and the detrimental effect of heat released during fever on pathogen death. We also discussed the impact of commonly used antipyretics, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin, on the overall outcome of infection and provided a framework within which new concepts and findings in this field can be developed.

PMID 42558355
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PubMedNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026-08-06

Drug safety in patients with mitochondrial disease: an observational cohort study.

Järvinen Oskar O, Martikainen Mika H MH

Mitochondrial diseases are common inherited neurometabolic disorders and frequently involve the nervous system, yet their multisystem nature often necessitates complex pharmacological management. Many commonly prescribed medications have off-target effects on mitochondrial function, and patients with mitochondrial disease may be particularly vulnerable to such effects due to impaired energy metabolism. However, systematic data on medication safety in this patient group remain scarce. In this retrospective, single-centre, cohort-based study at Turku University Hospital (Turku, Finland), we reviewed the medication data from all hospital stays and outpatient prescriptions of 44 mostly adult (20 women; mean age 50 years, range 12-83 years) patients with genetically and clinically confirmed mitochondrial disease for years 2010-2022. We used the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical system for drug classification. Potential drug-drug interactions and potential adverse drug reactions were investigated. Special focus was on potential mitochondrial toxicity of drugs and clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. Altogether ~ 1000 individual medication entries were reviewed. We identified several common drugs with potentially adverse effects on mitochondria, including metformin, beta-blockers, statins, ciprofloxacin, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, and certain anti-seizure drugs. Medications generally considered contraindicated in mitochondrial disease were not observed. No high-risk drug interactions were detected. Additional finding of clinical relevance was the frequent use of analgesics. Further research regarding mitochondrial safety of several drug classes is needed for more evidence-based safety evaluations. Pain in the context of mitochondrial disease merits increased attention.

PMID 42560609
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PubMedJournal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine2026-08-06

Deciphering the action mechanism of the sacred plant "Ashvattha" (Ficus religiosa L.) in the treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness.

Kartika I Gusti Agung Ayu IGAA, Awidarta Kevin K, Alakbaree Maysaa M, Ucche Sisca S et al.

DOMS is a common post-exercise syndrome characterized by pain, stiffness, and decreased muscle function. Conventional therapies have limited efficacy and have potential side effects. This study explored the molecular mechanisms of Ficus religiosa's alleviation of DOMS using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. This study used a network pharmacology framework to identify and analyze the phytochemicals from F. religiosa. Databases like IMPPAT 2.0 were used to retrieve potential compounds, while SwissTargetPrediction predicted target proteins. Therapeutic targets were identified using Genecards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape software, while pathway enrichment was conducted using Enrichr. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools (v1.5.7), followed by molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS to validate target-compound interactions. Of the 140 phytochemicals, 44 met the drug-likeness and bioavailability criteria and were associated with 39 potential therapeutic targets for DOMS. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune regulation as the primary mechanisms of action. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was identified as a critical target. Molecular docking showed that compounds such as α-eudesmol, epi-γ-eudesmol, and α-cadinol exhibited superior binding affinities for PTGS2 compared to ibuprofen. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that α-cadinol exhibited the most stable binding owing to its robust hydrogen bonding, whereas epi-α-cadinol displayed progressive stabilization and efficient accommodation inside the active region of the protein. This study suggests that F. religiosa could be used as a therapeutic agent for the management of DOMS. The key compounds, α-cadinol and epi-α-cadinol, show potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

PMID 42556252
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PubMedNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026-08-06

Pseudoephedrine poisoning reported to German poison centers: analysis of documented patient cases and the particular vulnerability of infants and toddlers.

Gezgin Funda F, Eyer Florian F, Zorn Gabriel G, Schaper Andreas A et al.

Poison centers (PCs) in Germany are medical facilities that serve as points of contact for cases of poisoning or suspected poisoning and are available by phone 24 h a day. Consultations are provided by physicians who have completed specialized training in toxicology. Members of the public, healthcare professionals, and institutions with questions regarding toxicology can seek advice from the PCs. Over-the-counter medicines play an important role when contacting the PCs. These include pseudoephedrine (PSE), an indirect sympathomimetic, which is used in Germany as a combination preparation for the treatment of cold and flu symptoms and for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis. In Germany, PSE is combined with acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen, as well as with first- and second-generation H1 receptor antagonists. PSE has a decongestant effect on the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses but also has stimulating effects and causes a feeling of alertness. This study includes an analysis of PSE poisoning cases reported to German PCs. They were asked to provide information on documented cases of PSE poisoning. Three of the seven centers surveyed provided their data (Erfurt 136 cases, Göttingen 175 cases, and Munich 210 cases, overall n = 521). The individual cases were then analyzed in terms of various aspects. The patient cases analyzed revealed age-related differences, with a higher incidence in childhood, particularly among children under 6 years of age. There were also indications of gender-specific differences. At the PC Erfurt, cardiovascular and neurological events predominate, with a male dominance. In Munich, neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms predominated. However, a high proportion of cases with unknown gender made gender-specific classification difficult. In Germany, young children up to the age of six are more severely affected despite contraindications and account for a significant proportion of inquiries to PCs. In recent years, PCs in Germany have reported an increase in cases of poisoning involving PSE combination preparations. A variety of symptoms have been observed in connection with PSE poisoning. As a preventive measure, it would be advisable for physicians-particularly pediatricians-and pharmacists to provide better patient education to raise awareness of the risks. Public platforms could also be used to conduct more educational outreach. Overall, the clinical relevance of PSE poisoning is evident from the present findings, which therefore require increased attention. PCs play an important role in this regard by providing acute consultation and systematically collecting data. However, the present findings should be interpreted in light of the limited data available to PCs.

PMID 42560552
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