meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac)

Simultaneous Administration of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine With Other Recommended Vaccines Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 years, National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen), United States, 2023.

Pingali Cassandra C, Yankey David D, Chen Michael M, Elam-Evans Laurie D LD et al.

To investigate the percent of adolescents who receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine with one or more other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. Data from the 2023 National Immunization Survey-Teen were analyzed. Timing of receipt of HPV vaccine, tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap), quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), and influenza vaccine was assessed using provider-reported vaccination histories. In 2023, among adolescents aged 13-17 years, 69.5% received HPV vaccine with one or more other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. In addition, 47.8% received specifically HPV vaccine, Tdap, and MenACWY together in a single medical visit. The HPV vaccine is commonly given with other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. These findings demonstrate variation in simultaneous vaccination patterns, suggesting that flexibility in the recommended adolescent vaccination schedule allows for different approaches to vaccination across clinical settings and family preferences while maintaining adherence to the recommended schedule.

The marketing authorization of vaccines is not an exact science: the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-20) is an example.

De Wals Philippe P

Neutrophils induce effective antibody responses to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by inhibiting regulatory T cells.

Tchalla Essi Y I EYI, Betadpur Anagha A, Khalil Andrew Y AY, Lopez Elena E et al.

Neutrophils are required for production of protective antibodies in response to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), however, the mechanisms behind that are not known. Here, using a mouse model, we found that depletion of neutrophils at the time of vaccination in female mice led to aberrant T cell responses in the spleen resulting in increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) that was accompanied by a dysregulated cytokine environment. We found that following vaccination, neutrophils influx into secondary lymphoid organs and increase expression of T cell engaging/inhibiting markers. When we depleted Tregs in neutrophil deficient mice at the time of vaccination, the opsonic activity of the antibodies and the ability of the sera to protect naïve hosts against pneumococcal infection significantly increased compared to controls. Importantly, we examined responses following PCV administration in human female participants and found that PCV altered neutrophil phenotype. Additionally, in vitro coculture of donor neutrophils with their PBMCs at one week following vaccination resulted in lower percentage and proliferation of FOXP3+ T cells, showing the clinical relevance of this phenotype. This work reveals a new mechanism by which neutrophils ensure protective antibody responses to vaccination by suppressing Tregs.

Clinical and Economic Burden of Complicated Pneumonia and Invasive Disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19A in an Ecuadorian Pediatric Reference Hospital.

Salgado-Villalba Elías David ED, Costta-Michuy Ángeles Á, Villalba-Valencia Ximena Del Rosario XDR, Carrasco-Ronquillo María Isabel MI et al.

Serotype 19A has emerged as an important cause of pneumococcal disease following the introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10). In this retrospective study of children hospitalized with culture-confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease at an Ecuadorian pediatric reference hospital, among 46 cases, 43 (93%) were serotype 19A, with most presenting as severe complicated pneumonia. The majority had received three PCV10 doses. Penicillin nonsusceptibility was identified in 88% of isolates. Serotype 19A infections were associated with longer hospitalization and higher medical costs, highlighting the substantial burden of complicated pneumonia due to a non-PCV10 serotype.