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montmorillonite (Diarrafin)

✓ Approved

Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 montmorillonite？

montmorillonite 是一种小分子，由Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Diarrafin
公司Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma

治疗适应症

montmorillonite 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersDiarrhoea✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of environmental management2026-06-13

Chitosan-based carbonaceous adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.

Thiviya Punniamoorthy P, Wickramasinghe Minola M, Rajapakshe Hashini H, Gamage Ashoka A et al.

Chitosan-based adsorbents have drawn considerable attention due to their effective removal of hazardous pollutants, such as heavy metal ions, microplastics, and organic pollutants, including phenols, dyes, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals. However, the practical application of chitosan is limited by its relatively low adsorption capacity, poor mechanical properties, and susceptibility to dissolution in acidic solutions. Therefore, chitosan is commonly modified using different techniques, including chemical and physical approaches, or combined with other adsorbent materials to enhance its structural stability and adsorption properties. Chitosan has been integrated with various materials, including natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, alginate), clay minerals (e.g., perlite and montmorillonite), inorganic materials (e.g., zeolite, metal oxides, and metal-organic frameworks), and carbonaceous materials (e.g., graphene oxide, activated carbon, biochar, and carbon nanotubes). Among these, carbonaceous materials are promising materials, due to their high surface area, porosity, and stability, which significantly improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical properties, as well as adsorption capacity. This review focuses on chitosan-based carbonaceous composite materials as adsorbents and covers several aspects, including their synthesis methods, structural and surface characteristics, mechanical properties, and adsorption performance as well as their applications in wastewater treatment, particularly for the removal heavy metals, dyes, organic pollutants (such as oil, fertilizers, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals), nuclear wastes, and pathogenic microoganisms.

PMID 42284839
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PubMedBiology2026-06-11

Responses of Methane Emissions to Different Soil Amendments in Paddy Soil: Soil Properties, Microbial Communities, and Functional Genes.

Wu Qiong Q, Deng Dalu D, Zhang Yuwen Y, Liang Weiwen W et al.

Paddy soils are important contributors to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane, and soil amendments may regulate methane production by altering soil physicochemical properties and microbial methane cycling. However, the effects of different amendment types on methane emissions from anaerobic paddy soils remain uncertain. In this study, an anaerobic microcosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculants, biochar, humic acid, and montmorillonite on CH4 and CO2 emissions from paddy soil. Changes in acetate concentration, pH, electrical conductivity, microbial community structure, and methane cycling functional genes were further analyzed to explore the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that microbial inoculants had stronger effects on CH4 emissions than the other amendments, but their effects were contrasting. The Chabeijian (CB) inoculant significantly increased methane emissions by 100.8%, whereas the Duojun-360 (DJ) inoculant reduced cumulative methane by 57.1%. The stimulation of CH4 emissions under Chabeijian was associated with enhanced acetate turnover, enrichment of methanogenic taxa including Methanosarcina, Methanobacterium, Methanocella, and Methanosaeta, and a 48.7% increase in mcrA abundance. In contrast, Duojun 360 markedly increased soil electrical conductivity, reduced methanogen abundance, decreased mcrA abundance by 26.9%, and lowered the mcrA/pmoA ratio, indicating a shift away from methane production. Although both inoculants increased methanotroph abundance and pmoA abundance, methane production remained the dominant factor controlling net CH4 emissions. These findings may provide preliminary mechanistic support for the targeted selection of soil amendments to mitigate CH4 emissions in rice cultivation by regulating soil properties, methanogenic communities, and the balance between methane production and oxidation.

PMID 42274534
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PubMedWater research2026-06-10

Overcoming the pH limitation of Fenton-like reactions and improving H2O2 utilization: synergistic dual Lewis acid sites and local acidic microenvironments.

Guo Xinrui X, Wang Ying Y

Fenton-like technologies, as the most cost-effective method for degrading refractory organic compounds in wastewater, face inefficient H2O2 utilization (typically <35%) and a narrow operational pH range (pH < 4) critical bottleneck. To date, few studies have addressed both limitations simultaneously. Here, we report that dual Lewis acid and acidic microenvironments work synergistically to overcome these challenges cost-effectively. The efficient degradation of refractory organic pollutants was broadened to pH 3-9 in the carboxyl-functionalized montmorillonite-supported iron-boron dual Lewis acid catalyst (MMT-Fe-B-A)/H2O2 system, resulting in H2O2 utilization that is 6.1 times greater than Fe2+/H2O2 system. Experimental results and DFT simulations demonstrate that the carboxyl groups enhance the adsorption of reactants while providing H⁺ to create an acidic microenvironment, which accelerates Fe(II) regeneration. Moreover, the Fe-B dual Lewis acid sites facilitate the homolytic cleavage of H2O2, enhancing •OH generation rate at the catalytic interface and enabling the rapid degradation of toxic coupled by-products on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, while Lewis acid sites (Fe/B) are prone to OH⁻ adsorption-which can disrupt the acidic microenvironment-modulating the B/Fe ratio can balance Lewis acid sites and the acidic microenvironment. Owing to this "trade-off" effect, the decontamination efficiency for actual wastewater of the optimized system outperforms Fe2+/H2O2 system: SMZ removal and H2O2 utilization are 1.7 and 2.9 times greater, respectively, and TOC removal increases by 20%. Moreover, the estimated operating cost is reduced to 43.5% of the conventional system. This study offers a novel strategy for simultaneously expanding the pH applicability and efficiency of Fenton-like oxidation.

PMID 42263529
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PubMedThe journal of physical chemistry. A2026-06-09

Structure and Spectroscopy of Free Base, Copper, and Zinc Tetrapentylporphyrin.

Muldowney Breanna E BE, Ajayi Nneka Damola ND, Chen Wei-Yuan WY, Geier G Richard GR et al.

Synthetic porphyrins have been crucial as models for heme units and other biological porphyrins, as well as components of advanced materials and catalysts. Much of the work on synthetic porphyrins has focused on the meso-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) or the pyrrole-substituted 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin (OEP). In this report, we present a comprehensive spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational study of free-base, zinc(II), and copper(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrapentylporphyrin (TPeP). TPeP can be prepared via a two-step, one-flask reaction of pyrrole and hexanal mediated by Montmorillonite K10, followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in yields of around 40%. Similar to TPP, the TPeP systems have the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with a2u symmetry and are, in general, easier to oxidize than their corresponding TPP or OEP analogues.

PMID 42260700
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-06-07

Gradient addition effects of CaCO3/MMT/K2TiO3 on heat resistance modification of polylactic acid (PLA) composite fibers.

Yang Qifan Q, Zheng Yu Y, Wei Dalong D, Shang Shenglong S

The push for global plastic bans highlights the dual environmental crises of "white pollution" and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional petroleum-based plastics, intensifying the pursuit of high-performance bio-based polymers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a prominent candidate, yet its broad application is constrained by fundamental material properties such as slow crystallization and low heat resistance. In this study, we proposed a "sheet-particle-whisker" multi-scale reinforcement strategy via melt spinning to simultaneously improve PLA's heat resistance and mechanical properties. Nacre-like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sheets were successfully prepared from waste mussel shells through a combined calcination and ultrasonication process. The incorporation of these CaCO3 sheets, together with montmorillonite (MMT) and potassium titanate whiskers (PTW), into the PLA matrix at an appropriate ratio facilitated the formation of a ternary network structure. This resulted in bio-based fibers exhibiting a significant enhancement in properties, with a degree of crystallinity of 57.10% and a tensile strength of 29.14 cN·dtex-1 compared to those of neat PLA. Moreover, this performance enhancement was achieved without compromising the inherent biodegradability of the material. This work thus establishes a green, low-cost and scalable strategy for the production of high-performance bio-based PLA fibers.

PMID 42250715
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PubMedJournal of hazardous materials2026-06-06

Enhancement of anammox coupled arsenate reduction by coexisting iron-bearing minerals.

Wang Wentao W, Xiong Weiyi W, Jiang Qing Q, Ding Long-Jun LJ et al.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a critical pathway for nitrogen (N) loss in terrestrial environments, and its coupled interactions with As(V) reduction has recently been recognized. While Fe-bearing minerals are suspected to regulate this coupling, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study demonstrates that Fe-bearing minerals (ferrihydrite, goethite, montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite) actively mediate anammox-coupled As(V) reduction by facilitating electron transfer and promoting Fe redox cycling. The presence of these minerals increases As(V) reduction by 1.2-2.4-fold and NH4+ removal by 1.65-3.15-fold, with ferrihydrite exhibiting the strongest effect. In addition to accelerating reaction rates, these minerals reshape N partitioning and microbial community structure: clay minerals primarily influence early-stage NH4+ dynamics via adsorption, whereas Fe (hydr)oxides sustain long-term coupling by suppressing nitrite oxidizers, limiting NO3- accumulation, enriching anammox and Fe-reducing bacteria, and enhancing microbial network stability. Redox-equivalent analysis further shows that these minerals increase the electron utilization efficiency of NH4+ oxidation coupled with Fe(III) and/or As(V) reduction from 17% to 19-75%. Furthermore, As(V) reduction rates correlate strongly with the mineral specific surface area and functional genes including hzsA, omcS, arsC and arrA. This highlights the combined roles of surface-mediated electron transfer, enhanced Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling, and coordinated regulation of N transformation and respiratory As(V) reduction. These findings identify Fe-bearing minerals as electron-buffering and -channeling phases that organize interfacial electron flow and strengthen N-Fe-As redox couples, providing a mechanistic framework for mineral-driven biogeochemical interactions in As-contaminated soils and sediments.

PMID 42250296
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