diphtheria +tetanus + acellular pertussis + polio + haemophilus influnzae type B vaccine (KD370 / KD 370 / Quintovac)

Maternal and infant immunizations for respiratory diseases, United States, may 2025.

Razzaghi Hilda H, Garacci Emma E, Kahn Katherine E KE, Meghani Mehreen M et al.

To assess end-of-season coverage with influenza, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant women, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunization among pregnant women and their infants, during the 2024-25 respiratory illness season. Data from an Internet panel survey conducted during March 26-May 8, 2025, were analyzed. The study included 2738 currently and recently pregnant women; analysis of each immunization product was restricted to a subsample of participants eligible for the specific product (influenza: 1788; Tdap: 885; COVID-19: 2125; maternal RSV: 721; nirsevimab: 1416). Coverage was assessed for individual vaccines, along with demographic characteristics, provider recommendation for immunization, and attitudes, including perceptions on safety and effectiveness of vaccines. Differences in vaccination coverage between groups were assessed using t-tests. Among eligible participants, 51.0% reported receiving influenza vaccine before or during pregnancy, 52.6% reported receiving Tdap vaccine during pregnancy, 32.3% reported receiving the 2024-25 COVID-19 vaccine before or during pregnancy, and 49.3% reported receiving an RSV vaccine during pregnancy. Among 1416 women with eligible infants, 62.2% reported their infant received nirsevimab; overall, 70.4% of infants were protected by maternal RSV vaccine, nirsevimab, or both. Vaccination coverage was higher among women with a provider recommendation compared to those without for influenza (65.6% vs. 12.2%), Tdap (69.5% vs. 2.9%), and COVID-19 (56.4% vs. 4.4%) vaccines. Prevalence of provider recommendation for Tdap vaccination was lower among non-Hispanic Black (66.4%) and Hispanic women (60.1%) compared with non-Hispanic White women (83.2%). Women reporting being very/somewhat hesitant about a given vaccine were less likely than non-hesitant women to have received that vaccine. Provider recommendation and vaccine hesitancy were associated with maternal vaccine uptake. Because providers have been found to be trusted information sources for patients, efforts supporting informative vaccine conversations between providers and pregnant women could help increase the proportion of pregnant women and infants protected against severe respiratory illnesses.

Meningitis B: UK launches vaccine programme to protect students after fatal outbreaks.

Mahase Elisabeth E

Human vaccine responses regulated by parallel cytokine pathways.

Chen Guangbo G, Guo Jing J, Heath John J, Prestwood Tyler R TR et al.

Human vaccine responses vary widely, but the determinants remain incompletely defined. Here we analyzed 66 cytokines across four inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) cohorts over five seasons (n = 581) and identified baseline serum interleukin (IL)-18 and interferon (IFN)-β as correlates of day 28 antibody responses. To test causality, we evaluated 19 cytokines in human tonsil and spleen organoids and found that type I IFNs, IL-21 and IL-12, but not IL-18 or IFNγ, enhanced antibody production. The addition of IFNβ to IIV recapitulated key features of the live-vaccine cytokine program. IL-12 and IL-21 defined a parallel pathway independent of type I IFNs, with IL-12 inducing IL-21 in humans, unlike in mice. Delivery of IL-21 or IFNβ via mRNA lipid nanoparticles in vivo promoted long-lived plasma cell formation. Together, these findings define parallel pathways that regulate vaccine immunity. Our approach unites high-throughput organoid testing and human cohort studies, establishing a human-centric platform to identify adjuvant candidates.

Sequential Switching Versus Combinatorial Blockade: Navigating the Safety-Efficacy Balance of Biologics in SLE.

Hsu Teng-Chieh TC, Wei James Cheng-Chung JC