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leuprolide

✓ Approved

AimPharma · GNRHR · 小分子

什么是 leuprolide？

leuprolide 是一种小分子，由AimPharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

公司AimPharma
药物类别小分子, 多肽类
分子靶点GNRHR
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, AimPharma

作用机制

分子靶点

leuprolide 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

GNRHRgonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (HH7, GRHR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

leuprolide 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Prostate cancer✓ Approved
Reproductive system and breast disordersEndometriosis✓ Approved
Endocrine disordersPrecocious puberty✓ Approved
Reproductive system and breast disordersUterine fibrosis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedActa biomaterialia2026-06-13

Biomimetic adhesive hydrogel microcarriers for gas therapy and chemotherapy of gastric cancer.

Liang Danna D, Lu Jianhua J, Li Hongzheng H, Rao Shangrui S et al.

The incidence of gastric cancer ranks fifth worldwide, and peritoneal metastasis is a crucial factor leading to high mortality. Combination therapy strategies have demonstrated great value in treating metastatic gastric cancer. Herein, inspired by the adhesive ability of mussels, biomimetic adhesive hydrogel microspheres (MSs) encapsulated with NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO), polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, and a chemotherapeutic agent (Oxaliplatin, OXA) were fabricated for gastric cancer combination therapy. Owing to the adhesion properties of PDA, the MSs can firmly adhere to the peritoneum. Benefiting from the outstanding photothermal properties of PDA and the thermosensitive characteristics of GSNO, the MSs enable photothermal therapy and NO-triggered gas therapy upon near-infrared irradiation. Together with OXA-mediated chemotherapy, the adhesive MSs can effectively eradicate cancer cells in vitro and potently inhibit tumor growth in vivo, while exhibiting minimal systemic side effects. Therefore, these biomimetic adhesive MSs hold great promise as a multimodal therapeutic system for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Gastric cancer often spreads to the abdominal lining, causing high mortality. Inspired by how mussels stick to surfaces, we developed adhesive hydrogel microspheres that combine three therapies in one platform: heat-generating particles (polydopamine, PDA), nitric oxide gas donors (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO), and chemotherapy drug (Oxaliplatin, OXA). These sticky microspheres firmly attach to the peritoneum and unleash heat, gas, and drugs simultaneously when activated by near-infrared light. This triple-action strategy effectively destroys cancer cells and significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice with minimal side effects. By integrating mussel-like adhesion with multimodal therapy, this work offers an innovative approach for treating metastatic gastric cancer.

PMID 42285389
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-06-12

A Study on Traceable Oxygen-Releasing Microspheres in Combination with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Skin Wound Healing.

Wang Qianqian Q, Li Xiangjie X, Xu Qing Q, Xie Yuan Y et al.

The treatment of full-thickness skin defects remains a major challenge in clinical medicine. Accelerating wound healing and promoting the restoration of tissue function are of paramount importance. Stem cell therapy has been applied in clinical practice to facilitate wound repair. However, the low survival rate of transplanted stem cells in an ischemic and hypoxic microenvironment severely limits the effectiveness of their clinical application. Microspheres, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and drug delivery capabilities, can serve as effective carriers for oxygen transport. It is worthwhile to evaluate the timing and process of oxygen release under hypoxic conditions. In this study, core-shell structured oxygen-releasing microspheres were prepared and incorporated with the photosensitizer hypericin (HYP) to enable dynamic tracking of the oxygen release process via fluorescent signals. The effects of the oxygen-releasing microspheres on cells under hypoxic conditions were analyzed, focusing primarily on the characterization of the microspheres, their biocompatibility, luminescent properties, and oxygen-releasing capacity. Furthermore, the efficacy of the oxygen-releasing microspheres in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in promoting wound healing was evaluated in vivo. The results indicate that the addition of the microspheres improved cell survival rates in hypoxic environments; meanwhile, their luminescent properties demonstrated the potential of fluorescence intensity as a visual indicator of oxygen release.

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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Using Sodium Alginate-Embedded Rectorite and Organoamine-Modified Rectorite Microspheres.

Xia Xuan X, Ye Qinhan Q, Xiao Yang Y, Wu Hanjun H et al.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses serious risks to ecosystem health and food safety, highlighting the urgent need for efficient and environmentally stable immobilization materials. In this study, sodium alginate-based rectorite microspheres (REC beads) and triethylenetetramine-modified rectorite microspheres (TETA-REC beads) were fabricated and applied for the immobilization of Cd(II) in contaminated soils. Structural characterization confirmed that the ionic cross-linking encapsulation process preserved the layered structure of rectorite, while TETA modification introduced abundant amino functional groups that enhanced the interaction between the material and Cd(II). Immobilization experiments demonstrated that both microspheres exhibited rapid and stable Cd(II) passivation performance, with TETA-REC beads showing significantly higher efficiency. The maximum removal efficiencies of water-soluble and available Cd(II) reached 83.87% and 93.33%, respectively. Sequential extraction analysis revealed that the microspheres effectively transformed labile Cd fractions, including exchangeable and water-soluble forms, into more stable species. Mechanistic investigations indicated that Cd immobilization was governed by a synergistic combination of interlayer ion exchange, physical adsorption within the porous alginate structure, and coordination complexation between Cd(II) and amino groups introduced by TETA. Furthermore, microbial community analysis showed that the remediation process promoted the recovery of soil microbial diversity and metabolic functions. The developed TETA-REC microspheres provide a promising strategy for the efficient immobilization of Cd in contaminated soils and offer potential for the sustainable remediation of heavy metal-polluted farmland.

PMID 42280155
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-06-12

Preparation of HMX/PMMA Composite Microspheres with Excellent Properties by Photoinitiated Emulsion Polymerization.

Zhang Shimin S, Wu Nan N, Jia Kaixuan K, Huang Xinyue X et al.

High-energy insensitive energetic materials are currently a research focus. Octogen (HMX) is one of the best-performing nitramine explosives, but its poor crystal morphology causes high mechanical sensitivity, limiting its application. This study proposed a method combining spheroidization, nanosizing, and coating desensitization. Nano-SiO2 and TiO2 were used to modify methyl methacrylate (MMA), and HMX/PMMA composite energetic microspheres were successfully prepared with the assistance of an ultraviolet (UV) lamp for catalytic polymerization. Molecular dynamics simulations determined the optimal particle ratios, and the effects of modifier content on morphology, crystal form, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and static mechanical properties were experimentally investigated. The prepared HMX/PMMA/modifier microspheres exhibited uniform size, dense structure, excellent performance, and ideal coating. Thermal decomposition kinetics showed that the activation energy of HMX/PMMA/SiO2 (0.75 wt% SiO2) increased by 79.86 kJ/mol and 27.55 kJ/mol compared with raw HMX and HMX/PMMA, respectively. Its impact sensitivity was 3.6 times that of raw HMX, and its friction sensitivity was twice that of raw HMX. Static mechanical analysis revealed that the compressive strength of HMX/PMMA/SiO2 (0.75 wt% SiO2) and HMX/PMMA/TiO2 (0.5 wt% TiO2) microspheres increased by 7.3 MPa and 6.1 MPa, respectively, over HMX/PMMA, indicating significant improvement. Overall, HMX/PMMA/SiO2 and HMX/PMMA/TiO2 microspheres prepared by photoinitiated emulsion polymerization exhibited excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties.

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PubMedApplied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine2026-06-12

Yttrium-90 measurements with radionuclide calibrators: Comparison to Monte Carlo models and geometry effects.

Broder Brittany A BA, Patel Alisha A, Lalain Peyton P, DeWerd Larry A LA et al.

Yttrium-90 glass microspheres are used in the treatment of liver cancer. Activity calibrations are linked to a series of experiments performed with 90Y solution surrounding non-radioactive microspheres. Through a series of measurements and Monte Carlo simulations, we have tested that experimental model, finding it to be valid. New ionization chamber measurements provide links to earlier work.

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PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-06-12

One-Step Preparation of Lanthanide-Doped Polyurea Multicolor Microspheres for Versatile Fluorescent Applications.

Zhang Guiyu G, Yu Xiaoxia X, Wang Xinhui X, Kong Xiang Zheng XZ et al.

Lanthanide-doped polyurea microspheres (LTP@PUMs) are prepared through a facile one-step precipitation polymerization, without stabilizer under quiescent condition. The process features simple operation, mild condition and low LTP doping. The size of the microspheres and their fluorescence color are precisely adjustable by tuning experiment conditions. LTP@PUMs are of great interests in several aspects, including multicolor fluorescence, high quantum yield (75.3%), remarkable stability, redispersibility and biocompatibility, owing to good compatibility of LTP with PU, strong hydrogen-bonding and coordination interactions. These excellent properties allow LTP@PUMs to achieve versatile applications. Taking LTP@PUMs as fluorescent sensor, selective detection for 4-nitrophenol is shown with high sensitivity (detection limit: 0.076 µM) and good reusability. In latent fingerprint imaging, high-quality and durable fluorescence images on various substrates are easily obtained. Strong fluorescence is also retained after heating to 260°C, making LTP@PUMs a high-thermal-resistant multicolor filler for 3D printing, an interesting property rarely reported. In vivo, LTP@PUMs are demonstrated to accumulate selectively in spleen (71.0%, 2.87 µm) and lungs (90.1%, 10.12 µm), enabling high-contrast imaging without obvious abnormal behaviors observed after eight months. This work offers, therefore a new strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional fluorescent microspheres, with promising prospects in environmental monitoring, public security, advanced manufacturing, and biomedicine.

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