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paracetamol (paracetamol, EFVDAS)

✓ Approved

Elan · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 paracetamol？

paracetamol 是一种小分子，由Elan研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名paracetamol, EFVDAS
公司Elan
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Elan

作用机制

分子靶点

paracetamol 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

paracetamol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMed (New York, N.Y.)2026-06-13

Moving beyond associations: The role of mechanistic evidence in prenatal paracetamol safety.

Samara Athina A, Khalil Asma A

Prenatal paracetamol safety has been debated due to inconsistent observational findings and inherent confounding. Here we argue that epidemiology alone cannot resolve biological plausibility. Human-relevant mechanistic models, including organoid and microphysiological systems, can complement population studies by testing causal pathways, refining interpretation, and enabling integrated evidence triangulation to better inform clinical guidance.

PMID 42285037
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PubMedEuropean journal of pediatrics2026-06-12

Nationwide variability in sedation, analgesia, and developmental care practices during neonatal therapeutic hypothermia: A French national survey.

Osswald Claire C, Le Duc Kévin K, Chaton Laurence L, Joriot Sylvie S et al.

Analgesia, sedation and developmental care are key components of supportive management for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). However, evidence-based recommendations remain limited, and practices may vary substantially between centers. We aimed to describe current practices in analgesia, sedation, and developmental care during TH across French neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey using a standardized electronic questionnaire distributed to all NICUs performing TH in France. Each center provided a single consolidated response. Descriptive statistics were used. Fifty-one of 63 eligible NICUs responded (80%), including 33 university and 18 general hospitals. Formal developmental care programs were available in 88% of centers. Routine endotracheal intubation during TH was reported by 71%. The most frequently used medications were midazolam (94%), sufentanil (88%), morphine (84%), and paracetamol (82%). Analgesia-sedation regimens and dosing strategies varied markedly across centers. Most NICUs (75%) expressed interest in developing protocols allowing TH without routine intubation. Substantial inter-center variability exists in analgesia, sedation, and developmental care practices during neonatal TH. These findings support the need for standardized, evidence-based protocols to optimize neonatal comfort and reduce practice heterogeneity. • Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard neuroprotective treatment for moderate-to-severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. • Analgesia, sedation, and supportive care during therapeutic hypothermia are widely used, but evidence-based recommendations remain limited. • This first nationwide French survey demonstrates marked inter-center variability in analgesia, sedation, developmental care, and routine intubation practices during neonatal therapeutic hypothermia. • These findings highlight the need for standardized, pharmacologically informed protocols during therapeutic hypothermia, prioritizing medications with more predictable metabolism and clearer pharmacokinetic-based dosing strategies.

PMID 42277340
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-06-12

Evaluation of the Effects of Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Plane Blocks on Extubation Time in Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Onur Anıl A, Onur Tuğba T, Karaca Ümran Ü, Ata Filiz F et al.

Background: Prolonged extubation and pain following cardiac surgery remain significant clinical challenges. The pecto-intercostal fascial plane block (PIFB) is an emerging regional anesthesia technique incorporated into multimodal analgesia protocols to reduce opioid consumption and facilitate early extubation. This study retrospectively evaluated extubation times, perioperative opioid consumption, and postoperative analgesic requirements in patients who underwent isolated open-heart surgery via median sternotomy, comparing those who received PIFB with those who did not. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included ninety-nine patients who underwent isolated on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery via median sternotomy between 1 June 2023 and 25 March 2024. The study included 46 patients who received PIFB (Group 1) and 53 patients who received no block (Group 2). Ultrasound-guided bilateral PIFB was performed after anesthesia induction, with a total of 40 mL administered to each side (30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine + 10 mL normal saline). Demographic data, perioperative data, extubation times, analgesic consumption, and complications were compared between groups. Results: Demographic data, EuroSCORE, body mass index, and ejection fraction were similar between groups. Perioperative opioid (fentanyl) consumption was statistically significantly higher in Group 2 (median 450 [IQR: 350-600] μg vs. 400 [IQR: 350-450] μg; p = 0.037). Extubation time was statistically significantly shorter in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (median 340 [IQR: 265-490] min vs. 495 [IQR: 420-555] min; p < 0.001). The number of patients requiring postoperative paracetamol and tramadol was statistically significantly lower in Group 1 (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between groups regarding chest drain removal, length of hospital stay, or ICU length of stay (p > 0.05). Mortality occurred in 1 patient in Group 1 and 2 patients in Group 2. Conclusions: PIFB application in isolated open-heart surgery performed via median sternotomy was associated with shorter extubation time and reduced perioperative fentanyl and postoperative analgesic consumption, without a statistically significant effect on hospital length of stay. Complication and mortality data are reported descriptively; the study does not have sufficient statistical power to draw inferences regarding safety outcomes.

PMID 42278979
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PubMedScientific reports2026-06-11

Machine learning-based prediction of paracetamol solubility and CO₂ density in supercritical systems using artificial rabbits optimization.

Alotaibi Hadil Faris HF, Khatib Arwa Omar Al AOA, Hamid Junainah Abd JA, Ganesan Subbulakshmi S et al.

The accurate prediction of solubility and solvent properties in supercritical CO₂ systems remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical process design due to the nonlinear and coupled effects of temperature and pressure. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-based modeling framework for predicting solvent density and paracetamol mole fraction under supercritical conditions using temperature and pressure as input variables. Three regression models-Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Tweedie Regression (TDR)-were developed and systematically optimized using the Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO) algorithm. Unlike conventional single-model studies, this study provides a comparative and optimization-driven evaluation of both nonlinear machine learning models and statistically grounded regression methods under identical conditions. The results demonstrate that the ARO-optimized MLP model achieves superior predictive performance for both solvent density (R² = 0.99898) and mole fraction (R² = 0.96555), outperforming SVR and TDR models across all evaluation metrics. The study further reveals clear nonlinear dependencies of solubility and density on pressure and temperature, which are effectively captured through data-driven modeling and visualized via contour-based response surfaces. The main innovation of this work lies in the integration of a metaheuristic optimization strategy (ARO) with multiple regression paradigms to establish a unified and systematic framework for supercritical solubility prediction. This approach provides both high predictive accuracy and interpretable process insights, supporting early-stage optimization of pharmaceutical manufacturing in supercritical CO₂ environments.

PMID 42270738
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PubMedInflammopharmacology2026-06-11

In vitro ibuprofen has gene regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with infection-provoked neurodevelopmental disorders.

Han Velda X VX, Hayes Jessica P JP, Gloss Brian B, Dissanayake Ruwani R et al.

Gene-environment interactions, leading to immune-brain cross-talk and neuroinflammation are increasingly recognised in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autistic regression and paediatric acute onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, provides relief to some neuropsychiatric symptoms, however, the therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. We describe the benefit of ibuprofen in 18 children (11 males, ages 5-20 years) with infection-provoked deteriorations compatible with PANS (16/18) or autistic regression (7/18), five met criteria for both. Ibuprofen was well tolerated and led to improved emotional control, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and aggression during infection-related exacerbations or the chronic phase. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in two children and their respective age-, sex- matched controls, before and after 24 h of in vitro ibuprofen and/or paracetamol incubation. A total of 45,134 cells were included. At baseline in both cases, there was dysregulation of immune pathways (response to virus, cell killing) and downregulation of ribosomal and translational pathways. Ibuprofen reversed the pro-inflammatory state in both children with reversal of cell killing pathways (granzyme genes) in Case 1, and reversal of viral pathways (interferon genes) in Case 2. Ibuprofen also reversed translation pathways (ribosomal protein genes), and regulation of translation (including EIF genes). In vitro paracetamol produced similar but weaker effects than ibuprofen. Children with infection-provoked neurodevelopmental episodes have baseline transcriptional and immune dysregulation in peripheral immune cells. We show that ibuprofen has transcriptional and anti-inflammatory effects, and that scRNA-seq in vitro-based studies can inform disease-modifying therapies for individuals with NDDs.

PMID 42274981
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PubMedContact dermatitis2026-06-11

Patch Testing in Paediatric Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.

Simonetti Gabriele G, Catamerò Francesco F, Liccioli Giulia G, Tomei Leonardo L et al.

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common in children and are diagnostically challenging, with cutaneous manifestations being the most common presentation. Patch testing (PT) is a well-established tool for investigating delayed T-cell-mediated reactions and is widely used in patients with contact dermatitis. However, its role in paediatric DHRs remains unclear. Available data indicate that PT is safe and particularly useful when drug provocation testing is contraindicated, such as in patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions. However, diagnostic yield varies considerably among drug classes and clinical phenotypes. Sensitivity is generally low for beta-lactam and most non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which limits their standalone value in common exanthematous reactions. Higher positivity rates have been reported for antiepileptic drugs, and PT may help identify the culprit drug and assess its cross-reactivity. However, evidence supporting the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol remains scarce. Methodological heterogeneity and limited paediatric-specific data further constrain this interpretation. Overall, PT should be considered as a complementary diagnostic tool integrated with clinical history and other tests, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and prospective paediatric studies.

PMID 42269709
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