若生智能
Drug Database
CA

caffeine citrate (Cafnea)

✓ Approved

Phebra · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 caffeine citrate？

caffeine citrate 是一种小分子，由Phebra研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Cafnea
公司Phebra
药物类别小分子
给药途径Injectable (Others), Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Phebra

治疗适应症

caffeine citrate 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersApnoea✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-06-13

Twin-Screw Melt Granulation with Mannitol: High-Drug-Loaded Immediate-Release Tablets of Caffeine.

Buczkowska Elzbieta Maria EM, Kukuls Kirils K, Horváth Zoltán Márk ZM, Frolova Alīna Jaroslava AJ et al.

High drug-loaded immediate-release formulations can be produced using a solvent-free and continuous melt-granulation method with a twin-screw extruder. Known and widely used high-molecular-weight and hydrophobic melt-binders result in weak tablets and negatively influence the disintegration and dissolution of tablets. Thus, this work aimed to probe mannitol as a melt-binder at a concentration of 30 wt.% and to investigate the effect of twin-screw melt granulation processing temperature and screw speed on the preparation of high drug-loaded immediate-release caffeine tablets with superior mechanical properties. A two-level design of experiment with three center points was used for the screening of the effect of barrel temperature and screw speed on granules and tablets properties. Model drug caffeine was mixed with mannitol (Parteck® M100), while a Pharma 11 extruder with helix feed screw elements and without a nozzle was used for twin-screw melt granulation. Processing conditions were found to significantly influence the solid state of ingredients and the quality of granules. Mannitol, as a melt-binder at a concentration of 30 wt.% at given processing conditions, was proven as an efficient melt-binder for high drug-loaded immediate-release tablets with superior mechanical properties.

PMID 42286306
阅读全文 →
PubMedNeurotoxicology2026-06-13

Combined exposure to 6PPD and 6PPD-Q induced neurotoxic responses in zebrafish and SH-SY5Y cells: evidence from neurotransmitter disruption, oxidative damage, and apoptosis.

Wang Ziwei Z, Wang Shutao S, Li Wanlun W, Wang Xingyu X et al.

The rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone derivative (6PPD-Q) are coexisting environmental contaminants with documented neurobehavioral effects. However, the neurotoxic consequences arising from their combined exposure remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish and SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate the neurotoxic effects associated with co-exposure to 6PPD and 6PPD-Q. In zebrafish, 100μg/L 6PPD+100μg/L 6PPD-Q increased time spent and distance traveled in the non-reward area of the T-maze after 28 d exposure, accompanied by pathological damage in brain tissue, including reduced neuronal density, decreased Nissl bodies, and apoptosis. 6PPD-Q exacerbated oxidative damage and the decreased levels of neurotransmitters induced by 6PPD. Metabolomics implicated disruptions in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and citrate cycle. Transcriptomic analysis further identified dysregulation in oxidative stress, cell death, and nervous system processes related pathways, such as Peroxisome, Axon guidance, and PI3K-Akt pathway. In SH-SY5Y cells, co-exposure reduced cell viability and produced predominantly synergistic effects across concentration combinations tested. 6PPD-Q aggravated mitochondrial damage and enhanced the protein expression levels related to apoptosis induced by 6PPD, including caspase-3 and bax/bcl-2. Moreover, co-exposure inhibited the PI3K-AKT pathway, which might exacerbate neurotransmitter disturbance and apoptosis. The findings enrich the understanding of neurological health risks linked to 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies to mitigate the exposure risks.

PMID 42285362
阅读全文 →
PubMedSchizophrenia research2026-06-13

Energy metabolism dysregulation in schizophrenia with non-thyroidal illness syndrome: Roles of citric acid and Tyrosol-4-sulfate.

Chen Junhao J, Dong Yeqing Y, Li Yanzhe Y, Liu Nannan N et al.

Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) is frequently observed in schizophrenia and is traditionally regarded as a peripheral endocrine disturbance. However, whether NTIS reflects a distinct metabolic phenotype linked to central energy dysregulation in schizophrenia remains unclear. We hypothesized that NTIS in schizophrenia reflects a distinct metabolic state characterized by disrupted energy metabolism, which may be linked to specific symptom dimensions. A total of 185 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled and classified into NTIS and non-NTIS groups based on standard thyroid hormone criteria. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were identified using Orthogonal-Partial-Least Squares-Discriminant-Analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, followed by pathway enrichment analyses and regression analyses to examine associations with clinical symptoms. A total of 29 differential metabolites were screened (Variable Importance in Projection > 2, P - correction < 0.05), primarily related to amino acids and organic acids. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant perturbations in 10 metabolic pathways, with the TCA cycle (citrate cycle) (impact = 0.261, P < 0.0001). Two metabolites, Citric acid (AUC = 0.701, P < 0.05) and Tyrosol-4-sulfate (AUC = 0.703, P < 0.05) demonstrated good discriminative performance for NTIS status. These 2 metabolites were positively associated with the Visuospatial/Constructional dimension and negatively associated with positive symptoms in the NTIS group. Schizophrenia patients with NTIS display a distinct metabolic phenotype marked by TCA cycle dysregulation. Citric acid and tyrosol-4-sulfate may serve as metabolic indicators linking thyroid dysfunction to cognitive, psychotic symptoms.

PMID 42284951
阅读全文 →
PubMedHealth science reports2026-06-12

Caffeine Consumption Pattern and Associated Side Effects and Withdrawal Syndromes Among University Students of Bangladesh.

Rimu Israth Jahan IJ, Islam Md Tazul MT, Mim Humayra Asima HA, Sultana Nadima N et al.

Due to tight academic activity and poor time management, consumption of caffeine among university are increased day by day. Despite the stimulating effects, the effects of caffeine on health remain unexplored in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate caffeine consumption patterns among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh, focusing on associated side effects and withdrawal symptoms. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024, involving simple random sampling of students aged 18 and above (mean ± SD = 23.15 ± 2.79) across various universities. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire covering demographic profiles, caffeine consumption patterns, and side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to identify associations between caffeine use and demographic factors. Among the surveyed students, about 34.0% drinking caffeine once daily, and 34.8% consuming caffeine two to three times daily. Tea (82.6%) emerged as the preferred source, followed by coffee (35.8%). Notably, female students reported higher consumption rates than males (AOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.82-1.81, p < 0.001). Students from non-nutrition background have higher caffeine intake than nutrition background student (AOR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.65-3.86, p < 0.001). Withdrawal symptoms reported by students were common, particularly headaches, which were significantly correlated with higher consumption of caffeine (p < 0.001). Additionally, muscle pain and sleep disturbances were linked to increased caffeine intake, highlighting the potential for physical dependence and health issues. Students often reported using caffeine to enhance focus and manage academic stress, with 90.2% indicating habitual consumption. These findings highlight the widespread caffeine consumption among students, particularly among females and those from non-nutrition backgrounds, raising concerns about potential dependence and associated health issues. Addressing caffeine use can enhance student well-being and academic performance, emphasizing the need for awareness and education on its effects. Longitudinal studies are also need to be carried out for evidence-based intervention.

PMID 42281583
阅读全文 →
PubMedNutrients2026-06-12

Effects of Taurine-, Caffeine-, and Phosphatidylserine-Containing Supplementation Protocols on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Professional Male Football Players.

Mizera Krzysztof K, Mizgała-Izworska Elżbieta E, Mizera Justyna J, Mackiewicz Jan J

Background: Nutritional supplementation is widely used to support physical and cognitive performance in football. However, evidence on multi-ingredient protocols combining taurine, caffeine, and phosphatidylserine (PS) remains limited in professional athletes. Methods: Eighty-one professional male football players (19-32 years) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 27): placebo (P), taurine + caffeine (TC; 1500 mg taurine + 200 mg caffeine), and taurine + caffeine + PS (TCP; 1500 mg taurine + 150 mg caffeine + 300 mg PS) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind trial. Supplementation lasted 10 days, with a final dose administered 60 min before a standardized 105 min training session. Reaction time, sprint performance, GPS-derived variables, and technical/tactical indicators were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc tests, and pairwise comparisons were additionally adjusted using the Holm-Bonferroni correction due to the exploratory nature of the analysis. Results: Compared with placebo, the TCP group was associated with more favorable physical, cognitive, and selected game-related outcomes (p < 0.05). TCP was associated with higher locomotor performance (η2 = 0.13-0.20) and smaller fatigue-related declines in sprint performance (-18% vs. -34%) and speed (-10% vs. -19%) (η2 = 0.18-0.22). Reaction time and technical indicators, including passing accuracy (84% vs. 75%) and dribbling success (73% vs. 62%), were also improved. Higher coach-rated tactical performance scores were observed in TCP (η2 = 0.19-0.25). Conclusions: A short-term multi-ingredient protocol including taurine, caffeine, and PS may be associated with improved physical, cognitive, and selected game-related outcomes in professional football players. However, due to differences in caffeine dosage between groups, the independent effect of PS cannot be determined. Further double-blind studies are warranted. Given the exploratory nature of the analysis, the multiple assessed outcomes, and the partly subjective coach-rated tactical evaluations, the cognitive and tactical findings should be interpreted cautiously and regarded as preliminary rather than confirmatory evidence.

PMID 42280328
阅读全文 →
PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-06-12

Plasma Citrate Levels Are Inversely Associated with Estimated Muscle Mass and Strength in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Li Yakun Y, Post Adrian A, Chvatal Medina Mateo M, Doorenbos Caecilia S E CSE et al.

Reduced muscle mass and strength are highly prevalent in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). Citrate, a key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, may adversely relate to muscle health through disturbances in mitochondrial energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma citrate levels with estimated muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in LTRs. We included stable LTRs from the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study at least 1 year after transplantation. Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance were assessed using the 24 h urinary creatinine excretion rate divided by height squared (creatinine excretion rate index, CERI), handgrip strength, sit-to-stand (STS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. Associations of plasma citrate with muscle-related parameters were examined using Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses. A total of 501 LTRs were included (median age 59 [49-67] years; 58.7% men) at a median of 14.0 (7.4-22.5) years post-transplantation. Spearman correlation analyses showed that plasma citrate levels were inversely correlated with CERI (ρ= -0.226, p < 0.001) and handgrip strength (ρ= -0.211, p < 0.001). Additionally, plasma citrate levels were positively correlated with STS time (ρ = 0.170, p = 0.019) and TUG time (ρ = 0.203, p = 0.006). In linear regression analyses, higher plasma citrate levels were associated with lower CERI and lower handgrip strength and with longer STS and TUG time. In multivariable linear regression analyses, plasma citrate remained independently associated with CERI (fully adjusted standardized β= -0.14, p = 0.001) and handgrip strength (fully adjusted standardized β= -0.11, p = 0.010), whereas associations with physical performance measures were no longer significant after adjustment. CERI mediated 45.8% of the association between citrate and handgrip strength. In conclusion, higher plasma citrate levels are independently associated with lower estimated muscle mass and strength in LTRs. Circulating citrate may serve as a potential biomarker of post-transplant muscle impairment risk.

PMID 42278339
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多caffeine citrate