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enalapril maleate + HCTZ (Vasoretic / Vaseretic / Renidur)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · ACE · 小分子

什么是 enalapril maleate + HCTZ？

enalapril maleate + HCTZ 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Vasoretic, Vaseretic, Renidur
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ACE, SLC12A3
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

作用机制

分子靶点

enalapril maleate + HCTZ 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

ACEangiotensin I converting enzyme (DCP1, ACE1)
SLC12A3solute carrier family 12 member 3 (NCCT, NCC)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

enalapril maleate + HCTZ 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedInflammopharmacology2026-06-12

Chemical characterization and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg fruit peel.

De Freitas Rosa Simone Patricia SP, da Silva Santos Izabelly Bianca IB, Pereira Wendel César eSilva WCE, de Souza Thaís Vitória Freitas TVF et al.

Natural products derived from medicinal plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders. In this study, the chemical profile and pharmacological activities of the aqueous extract obtained from the fruit peel of Myrciaria floribunda (AeMf) were investigated. Chemical characterization was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSⁿ). The antinociceptive activity of AeMf was evaluated in mice using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail immersion tests, while the anti-inflammatory potential was assessed through carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis models. Chromatographic analysis revealed a chemical profile predominantly composed of organic acids and related metabolites, including quinic acid, citrate, maleate, and a fatty acid hexoside. In nociceptive models, AeMf produced a significant and dose-dependent reduction in acetic acid-induced writhing and markedly decreased paw-licking behavior in both phases of the formalin test. In addition, the extract increased tail withdrawal latency in the thermal nociception assay, indicating the involvement of both peripheral and central analgesic mechanisms. In inflammatory models, AeMf significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, reduced leukocyte and neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity, and markedly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that AeMf exerts potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, likely mediated through the modulation of inflammatory mediators and cellular recruitment. The results highlight the therapeutic potential of Myrciaria floribunda as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds for the development of novel strategies for pain and inflammation management.

PMID 42283803
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PubMedCase reports in endocrinology2026-06-11

A Rare Case of Bartter Syndrome Type 3 Diagnosed in Elderly Age.

Okura Tsuyoshi T, Fukaya Kenji K, Okazaki Tetsuya T, Adachi Kaori K et al.

Bartter syndrome (BS) type 3 typically presents in childhood and is caused by defects in NaCl transporters of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. We report a 66-year-old woman with asymptomatic but severe hypokalemia (2.0 mmol/L), metabolic alkalosis, and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism. Initial clinic blood pressure was 157/88 mmHg, but repeated office and home measurements were ~120/70 mmHg, consistent with white-coat hypertension. Imaging excluded renovascular disease. Sequential diuretic testing supported BS physiology: a thiazide loading test increased fractional excretion of chloride (FECl) from 0.46% to 3.88% (ΔFECl 3.4%), exceeding the 2.3% cutoff that argues against Gitelman syndrome; a furosemide test showed chloride reabsorption of 10.1%, indicating a profound loop-segment defect, even lower than values commonly reported in BS3. Targeted next-generation sequencing identified a homozygous CLCNKB stop-gain variant (c.1830G >A; p.Trp610Ter), confirming BS type 3. High-dose potassium chloride (9.9 g/day) failed to correct hypokalemia, whereas low-dose enalapril plus spironolactone normalized serum potassium (4.0 mmol/L) without persistent hypotension. The urine calcium/creatinine ratio was borderline-normal (0.65 mmol/mmol), rather than hypocalciuric. This case suggests that BS3 should remain in the differential diagnosis of refractory hypokalemia in older adults and highlights the diagnostic value of physiology-guided diuretic testing combined with genetic analysis, as well as the potential efficacy of low-dose ACE inhibitor plus mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy when potassium supplementation alone is insufficient.

PMID 42272570
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PubMedScientific reports2026-06-11

Green and applicable chromatographic approaches for the estimation of a multi-component cold and flu relief formulation along with in-vitro dissolution profiling.

Nabil Mona M, Marzouk Hoda M HM, Abbas Samah S SS, Lotfy Hayam M HM et al.

The emergence of novel pharmaceutical formulations requires the establishment of a reliable analytical method that can accurately quantify active ingredients for use in diverse quality control applications. An over-the-counter pharmaceutical combination of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE), chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), and ibuprofen (IBU) is formulated to treat allergy, lessen fever, and relieve congestion. Two efficient and applicable liquid chromatographic methodologies were established, with an emphasis on ecological sustainability while preserving analytical precision and accuracy, in addition system suitability parameters were successfully determined for each method. The first approach involved high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with densitometric quantification, employing silica gel HPTLC 60 F254 aluminum sheets as the stationary phase. The developing system comprised ethyl acetate-methanol-aqueous ammonium hydroxide (8.0:2.0:0.1, by volume), and scanning was carried out at 265.0 nm. The respective resolutions (Rs) were 8.44 and 4.57 for PHE, IBU, and CPM, respectively. The second one is high-performance liquid chromatographic methodology (HPLC), whereas, efficient separation was achieved on a Kromasil 60-5-CN column using isocratic elution of 10.0 mM ammonium acetate buffer and ethanol (50: 50, v/v), adjusted with acetic acid to pH 2.5 at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min, with DAD quantification at 265.0 nm, with overall run time about 6 min to achieve sufficient separation among the target analytes. The resolutions (Rs) were determined to be 7.62 and 3.21 for PHE, CPM, and IBU, respectively. The investigated approaches' performance was validated in adherence to the guidelines established by the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, confirming its reliability for analytical application. Limit of detection (LOD) values were determined to be 0.02, 0.01, and 0.22 µg/band for PHE, CPM, and IBU, respectively in HPTLC method, whilst in HPLC-DAD method, LOD values were 0.03, 0.01, and 0.24 µg/mL for PHE, CPM, and IBU, respectively. These approaches can concurrently estimate the cited drugs in their raw forms, as well as their pharmaceutical combination. In addition, HPLC can monitor their dissolution profiles. Moreover, the applicability profile and ecological sustainability of the studied approaches were verified via employing up-to-date evaluation tools, along with comparisons against official and reported methodologies.

PMID 42270807
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PubMedPakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences2026-06-09

Comparative effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril on QRS duration and cardiac function in heart failure patients undergoing left bundle branch area pacing.

Wang Rui R, Hao Cuijun C, Fang Zhiqin Z, Jing Huahan H et al.

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) has emerged as a physiological pacing strategy for cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure (HF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB). However, evidence comparing different pharmacological regimens following LBBaP implantation remains limited. To compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan and enalapril on QRS duration and cardiac function in HF patients undergoing LBBaP. This retrospective cohort study included 106 patients with HF and LBBB who underwent successful LBBaP implantation at a single center between January 2022 and December 2023. According to the postoperative pharmacotherapy protocol, patients were divided into two groups: a control group receiving enalapril (n = 52) and an observation group receiving sacubitril/valsartan (n = 54). After six months of follow-up, QRS duration and amplitude, echocardiographic parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD)), functional capacity assessed by the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), serum biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI)) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared between the two groups. Both groups showed improvements in electrophysiological and cardiac functional parameters after treatment. Compared with the enalapril group, patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated significantly shorter QRS duration (125.45 ± 9.79 ms vs 150.23 ± 3.33 ms, P < 0.001), higher LVEF (57.03 ± 2.49% vs 50.29 ± 2.18%, P < 0.001) and smaller LVESD and LVEDD (all P < 0.001). In addition, the sacubitril/valsartan group showed greater improvement in exercise capacity (6MWD: 370.25 ± 17.64 m vs 349.51 ±17.45 m, P < 0.001) and lower levels of NT-proBNP and cTnI. The incidence of MACE during the 6-month follow-up was also lower in this group (11.11% vs 26.92%, P = 0.038). Among HF patients with LBBB undergoing LBBaP implantation, treatment with sacubitril/valsartan was associated with greater short-term improvements in QRS duration, cardiac function and exercise capacity compared with enalapril. Larger prospective studies with longer follow-up are required to further evaluate long-term clinical outcomes.

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PubMedAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology2026-06-08

Sex Differences in the Renal T Cell Profile in DOCA-Salt Hypertension are Independent of MR Activation and Increases in Blood Pressure.

Mohamed Riyaz R, Belanger Kasey M KM, Moronge Desmond D, Elmarakby Ahmed A AA et al.

We previously reported that T cells contribute to sex differences in blood pressure (BP) in DOCA-salt hypertension, yet the mechanism(s) modulating T cell activation are still being investigated. The goal of the current study was to determine the relative contribution of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation vs. increases in BP to changes in the renal T cell profile in male and female DOCA-salt rats. 10-week-old uni-nephrectomized male and female Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with a subcutaneous 21-day slow-release DOCA pellet (200 mg). To assess the relative contribution of MR activation vs. the development of hypertension, subsets of male and female DOCA rats were randomized to 1) saline vehicle (0.9% NaCl), 2) saline plus specific MR antagonist Eplerenone (100mg/kg/day), 3) saline plus BP lowering drugs hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine (HCTZ/Res) throughout 3-week DOCA treatment. BP was measured via radiotelemetry. Kidneys were harvested and processed for flow cytometry, biochemical, and histological analysis. Males exhibited greater increases in BP with DOCA than females. Eplerenone treatment attenuated DOCA-salt hypertension. Eplerenone significantly decreased pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and increased anti-inflammatory Tregs in both sexes, however sex differences in the renal T cell profile were largely maintained. To separate the effects of lowering BP from blocking MR inhibition, HCTZ/Res was employed to block DOCA-salt induced hypertension. HCTZ/Res also attenuated the pro-inflammatory renal T cells in DOCA-salt hypertension, and sex differences in renal T cells were largely maintained. These data suggest that neither MR activation nor elevation in BP mediates the sex differences in the renal T cell profile in DOCA-salt rats.

PMID 42258340
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PubMedBMC public health2026-06-07

Regional health inequalities of anticancer drug accessibility under the National Drug Price Negotiation in China: a decomposition analysis.

Tuo Bingbing B, Jiang Junnan J, Zhao Haokai H, Mao Yiqing Y et al.

Equitable access to anticancer drugs is a central concern in oncology care. China initiated National Drug Price Negotiation (NDPN) in 2016, which has been associated with improved accessibility and equity in anticancer drugs. This study aims to evaluate the current regional equity in the provision of negotiated anticancer drugs in China. The study collected data on the availability of anticancer drugs negotiated by public platforms across 31 provinces. We collected province-level data on the availability of negotiated anticancer drugs in hospitals and pharmacies across 31 provinces and calculated GDP-related concentration indices (CIs). A decomposition analysis of CIs was conducted to identify determinants of inequity, and CIs were further computed within the breast cancer subgroup. The CIs were 0.125 for hospitals and 0.139 for pharmacies, indicating pro-rich inequality in the regional provision of negotiated anticancer drugs, with higher-income eastern regions offering more hospitals and pharmacies with anticancer drugs. Medical insurance expenditures (56.209%) and inpatient costs (46.745%) exacerbated hospital supply inequality. The number of pharmacists in pharmacies (63.845%) was the primary positive contributor to pharmacy access inequality. Among breast cancer drugs, Abemaciclib and Nalatinib Maleate exhibited higher CIs of 0.244 and 0.223. The regional distribution of negotiated anticancer drugs reveals substantial disparities, with affluent regions more likely to access these medications through well-resourced hospitals and pharmacies. Health expenditure and financing mechanisms further amplify these inequalities. Even within similar indications, disparities persist in the availability of different drugs. Future initiatives should prioritize measures to ensure drug access in impoverished and remote areas.

PMID 42251294
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