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losartan + HCTZ (Gizaar / Hyzaar / Cozaar plus)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · AGTR1 · 小分子

什么是 losartan + HCTZ？

losartan + HCTZ 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Gizaar, Hyzaar, Cozaar plus
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点AGTR1, SLC12A3
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

作用机制

分子靶点

losartan + HCTZ 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

AGTR1angiotensin II receptor type 1 (HAT1R, AT1)
SLC12A3solute carrier family 12 member 3 (NCCT, NCC)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

losartan + HCTZ 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedBiology letters2026-08-05

The rise of carnivoran mammals in Europe through the lens of body mass.

Fischer Valentin V, Solé Floréal F, Le Verger Kevin K, Mennecart Bastien B et al.

Carnivoran mammals (cats, dogs, bears, seals, etc.) and their kin radiated during the Palaeogene, among other carnivorous clades (hyaenodonts, mesonychians, and oxyaenodonts). This radiation has often been framed as a competition ultimately won by carnivorans, but the data supporting this hypothesis largely originate from North America. We derive body mass (BM) from dental measurements in European hyaenodonts, mesonychians, oxyaenodonts, and carnivoramorphans ranging from the latest Palaeocene to the end of the Oligocene (MP 6-30; 57.2-23.3 Ma) and compare those with North American data. We show that European assemblages tell a different story, with a marked increase of the disparity of carnivoramorphan BMs at and after the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO; 40 Ma), with no clear effect on hyaenodonts. The 'Grande Coupure' (Eocene-Oligocene transition, approx. 34-33.5 Ma) marks the onset of a progressive decrease in the mean BM of hyaenodonts, while carnivoramorphans continue their rise initiated around the MECO. The observed BM patterns therefore do not follow the expected double-wedge pattern of competitive replacement and are possibly best explained by climate change-induced biodiversity dynamics.

PMID 42554171
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PubMedInternational journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering2026-08-05

A Comprehensive Numerical Simulation on the Safety and Efficacy of Circular-Versus Trapezoidal-Shaped Intravascular Drug-Eluting Stents.

Saha Ramprosad R, Mandal Akash Pradip AP

In modern days, drug-eluting stent (DES) acts as a kingpin for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and it has a dramatic reduction rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in compare to a bare metal stent (BMS). To replicate the drug release from therapeutic devices and its corresponding transportation in the physiological atmosphere, mathematical and computational simulations have become an effective technique. The present article is developed by a thorough comparative analysis of drug transport mechanisms between half-embedded trapezoidal-shaped and circular-shaped struts and also its optimality in stent-based drug delivery. The geometry of the implanted struts (trapezoidal-shaped and circular-shaped) is modeled in a two-dimensional axi-symmetric environment and the target lesion is considered as a single homogeneous layer with identical diffusivity. Due to the hydrostatic pressure of blood, plasma filtration is allowed through the blood-tissue interface along the transmural direction and the flow of interstitial fluid within the porous arterial wall is governed by the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation and the equation of continuity. While the drug is distributed within the arterial wall, tissue receptors grip the drug molecules, so the present study includes the binding of drug along with free drug. An unsteady convection-diffusion-reaction process demonstrates the transportation of free drug, but only reaction process manifests the transportation of bound drug. The mathematical equations of interstitial fluid flow and the transportation of drug along with pertinent initial and boundary conditions are penciled by using a two-dimensional (2D) cylindrical polar coordinate system. A staggered grid generation technique is also leveraged to discretize all the governing equations and boundary conditions, which are then successfully solved numerically by using Marker-and-Cell (MAC) method. The coefficient of variance (CV), a statistical parameter, is introduced in this present drug delivery system to access the consistency of the drug distribution. The study incorporates several necessary factors, such as drug efficacy, tissue drug content, and therapeutic effectiveness to optimize the choice of strut shape and the overall performance of the stent. To achieve the best possible outcomes, a robust sensitivity analysis of several perturbed parameters is carried out by implementing one-way ANOVA. The results highlight that, for long-term safety and efficacy, trapezoidal-shaped struts may be a good choice in compared to circular ones. Furthermore, the tailored combination of strut shape and drug delivery strategy presented herein offers a significant advancement in designing the next-generation DES.

PMID 42554140
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PubMedCureus2026-08-04

Metoclopramide-Induced Hyperprolactinemia Mimicking Prolactinoma in a Young Woman Receiving Fragmented Care: A Case Report.

Ballout Mohammad M, Schury Mark M

Hyperprolactinemia accompanied by headache and visual symptoms commonly prompts pituitary imaging to rule out prolactinoma. Several medications can elevate serum prolactin into ranges that overlap with prolactin-secreting adenomas, and metoclopramide, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used for gastroparesis and nausea, is among the most frequent offenders. Headache and blurred vision are also listed as adverse effects, reproducing the symptomatic triad clinicians associate with a pituitary tumor. We describe a 22-year-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome who presented with a prolactin level of 160.3 ng/mL, intermittent blurry vision, and chronic headaches managed with onabotulinumtoxinA through neurology. Pituitary MRI was unremarkable. Despite repeated direct questioning, her initial medication history included only losartan. Metoclopramide was identified through deliberate review of outside gastroenterology records, where it had been prescribed for chronic constipation. One month after discontinuation, prolactin levels had returned to normal at 11.2 ng/mL. Menstrual function showed initial improvement, as she experienced her first menstrual cycle after approximately one year of amenorrhea. However, regular menses did not fully resume; cycles remained irregular, likely in the setting of her underlying polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This case illustrates how drug-induced hyperprolactinemia can be missed when the medication list is incomplete, particularly in fragmented care settings, and how deliberate review of outside documentation can spare patients unnecessary imaging.

PMID 42549416
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PubMedVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2026-08-04

Clinical pathological features and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy in patients presenting with peripheral blood cytopenia.

Xu Xiaoyan X, Wang Jianjun J, Wang Xuan X, Xu Xianwei X et al.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) typically presents with lymphadenopathy or extramedullary masses. However, a subset of patients presents with peripheral blood cytopenias, where the diagnosis is primarily established through bone marrow biopsy (BMB). The clinicopathological features and prognosis of this specific presentation remain poorly characterized. We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients with DLBCL who presented with peripheral blood cytopenias and were initially diagnosed by BMB. Comprehensive evaluations included BMB histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), bone marrow smear(BMS), flow cytometry, and chromosome karyotype analysis. Clinical data, treatment response, and survival outcomes were assessed. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival. BMB demonstrated a 100% diagnostic yield, revealing varied cellularity and infiltration patterns (diffuse: 45.45%; interstitial: 22.73%; mixed: 22.73%; nodular: 9.09%). IHC confirmed B-cell lineage (CD20+/PAX5+) and classified 68.18% of cases as non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) phenotype by Hans classification. Flow cytometry was positive in 54.55% of cases, and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 54.55%. On PET/CT, diffuse pattern correlated with immunoblastic morphology and severe infiltration, and high SUVmax with immunoblastic morphology (both p < 0.05). Primary marrow DLBCL (45%) had a significantly longer diagnostic interval than secondary involvement (median 10 vs. 6 days, p = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high infiltration burden, diffuse pattern, higher fibrosis grade, lack of treatment, diffuse PET/CT pattern, and high SUVmax were associated with poorer overall survival (all p < 0.05). BMB is of particular value when extramedullary lesions are absent or difficult to biopsy. Notably, primary marrow DLBCL is associated with diagnostic delays, underscoring the need for heightened clinical suspicion and timely intervention to improve outcomes in this aggressive presentation.

PMID 42550238
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PubMedThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association2026-08-03

Prognostic Stratification of Brain Metastases from Nonanaplastic Follicular Cell-Derived Thyroid Carcinoma: Results of an International Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Prinzi Antonio A, van Velsen Evert F S EFS, Krajewska Jolanta J, Kolton Magdalena M et al.

Brain metastases (BMs) from nonanaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma (hereinafter referred to as non-ATC) are rare and not well characterized, with limited evidence guiding treatment and prognostic stratification. We aimed to describe clinical features, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients with BMs from non-ATC and to develop and validate a disease-specific prognostic score. This retrospective international multicenter study included adults with histologically confirmed non-ATC and radiologically documented BMs treated at 19 tertiary referral centers. Clinical, radiological, treatment, and outcome data were collected. Independent predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox regression, and variables identified were used to develop a disease-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (non-ATC GPA), exploratorily assessed in an independent SEER cohort. A total of 189 patients were included; median age at BM diagnosis was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 48-67). First-line BM treatments included stereotactic radiosurgery (27.0%), neurosurgery (23.8%), whole-brain radiotherapy (18.5%), and best supportive care (10.6%). Median PFS was 7.0 months (IQR: 2.9-22.4), and median OS was 15.0 months (IQR: 4.0-38.4). Independent predictors of shorter OS were age >75 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, papillary histology, extracranial metastases, and ≥4 BM. The GPA stratified patients into four prognostic groups with median OS ranging from 72.6 months in the highest-score group to 3.7 months in the lowest. An exploratory SEER-based assessment showed survival differences across adapted prognostic groups (p = 0.036), although this analysis was limited by the absence of all key GPA variables. BMs from non-ATC are associated with poor survival and marked prognostic heterogeneity. The proposed GPA may provide a useful framework for prognostic stratification, pending further validation in independent datasets to support individualized management.

PMID 42545312
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PubMedHematological oncology2026-08-03

A Phase 1 Trial of Duvelisib and Oral Azacitidine in Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Lymphoma.

Saeed Hayder H, Varela Melanie Mediavilla MM, Sahakian Eva E, Naqvi Mahrukh M et al.

Mature T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are aggressive malignancies with limited effective therapies. Duvelisib (DUV), a dual inhibitor of PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ, has shown promising activity in TCL. Azacitidine (AZA), a hypomethylating agent, has demonstrated efficacy in TCL and may enhance the activity of PI3K inhibitors through epigenetic modulation and immune regulation. We conducted a phase I, open-label, 3 + 3 dose-escalation study of oral duvelisib in combination with oral azacitidine (BMS-986345) in patients with relapsed or refractory TCL. The primary objective was to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination. Fourteen patients (N = 14) were enrolled with a median age of 63.5 years. The median number of prior therapies was two. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities, expressed for the full treated population (N = 14), included neutropenia (29%), anemia (21%), AST elevation (21%), ALT elevation (14%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and leukocytosis (14%). Most adverse events were grade 1-2 and manageable. The ORR was 46% (N = 6), with 31% (N = 4) complete responses (CR) and 15% (N = 2) partial responses (PR). All four evaluable patients with a T-follicular-helper (TFH) phenotype achieved CR, a hypothesis-generating observation given the small denominator. Median PFS was 2.2 months (95% CI 1.8-NE) and median OS 10.2 months (95% CI 6.3-NE); however, median duration of response was not reached, and three responders were censored at the time of allogeneic transplant. On-treatment suppression of AKT phosphorylation was enhanced during combined therapy. Duvelisib plus oral azacitidine had a manageable safety profile and encouraging activity, particularly in the TFH subtype, where responses were deep and enabled a bridge to allogeneic transplant. Randomized evaluation focused on the TFH subtype is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05065866.

PMID 42545812
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