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calcitonin (Calsynar / calcitonin, Aventis / Calcin)

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · CALCR · 多肽类

什么是 calcitonin？

calcitonin 是一种多肽类，由Sanofi S.A研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Calsynar, calcitonin, Aventis, Calcin
公司Sanofi S.A
药物类别多肽类
分子靶点CALCR
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

作用机制

分子靶点

calcitonin 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CALCRcalcitonin receptor (CT-R, CTR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

calcitonin 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresHypercalcaemia therapy✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteitis deformans✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedChemical senses2026-06-12

Expression of Calca gene-derived peptides in the murine taste system.

Palayyan Salin Raj SR, Siddiqui Abdul Hamid AH, Jiang Peihua P, Margolskee Robert F RF et al.

Taste cell regeneration and taste signaling are regulated by myriad growth factors and signaling molecules secreted by neurons and taste papillae-resident cells. The Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha (Calca) gene is a source of four biologically active peptides with varied physiological roles. Alternative splicing of the Calca messenger RNA generates either prepro calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) or preprocalcitonin encoding transcripts. Proteolytic processing of preprocalcitonin generates procalcitonin, calcitonin and katacalcin. Calcitonin is a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor calcitonin receptor (CALCR) while CGRP is a ligand for the CGRP receptor (CGRP1R) formed by the calcitonin receptor like receptor (CALCRL)-receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) complex. Interestingly, procalcitonin too, is a ligand for the CGRP1R where it can antagonize CGRP. CGRP expression in taste and trigeminal neurons has been documented and is posited to regulate taste signaling. Single cell and bulk RNASeq of taste papillae revealed that the preprocalcitonin but not the Cgrp transcript is expressed in Tas1r3- expressing type II taste cells, while CGRP1R subunits are expressed in taste stem/progenitor cells and by subsets of fibroblasts and immune cells in the lingual mesenchyme. We confirmed this expression pattern using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and histological techniques. qPCR of geniculate and nodose-petrosal-jugular ganglia revealed that both express Cgrp and CGRP1R subunit mRNAs, but not preprocalcitonin and Calcr. This interesting expression patterns suggests that procalcitonin and CGRP might reciprocally regulate the CGRP1R in the taste papillae and potentially influence taste signaling, taste cell regeneration and the taste microbiome.

PMID 42284458
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-06-12

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP): Biology, Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles, and Therapeutic Applications.

Ramírez-Expósito María Jesús MJ, Cueto-Ureña Cristina C, Martínez-Martos José Manuel JM

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide belonging to the calcitonin family, discovered as a product of alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene. CGRP has emerged as a pleiotropic signaling molecule with widespread distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems, particularly within primary sensory neurons. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the CGRP system, integrating recent advances in its molecular structure, gene organization, and post-translational processing with high-resolution structural insights into its heterodimeric receptor complex (CLR-RAMP1) obtained through cryo-electron microscopy. We also include long-term safety data on anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies, emerging cardiovascular risk signals, and novel therapeutic applications in vestibular migraine and pediatric populations. The intracellular signaling cascades activated by CGRP, including the canonical cAMP-PKA pathway, MAP kinase activation, and context-dependent calcium signaling, are discussed in relation to its diverse physiological functions. These encompass vasodilation, nociception modulation, neurogenic inflammation, gastrointestinal motility, bone metabolism, tissue regeneration, and energy homeostasis. The central role of CGRP in migraine pathophysiology is examined to understand the development of targeted therapies. The current pharmacological landscape is reviewed, including the evolution of small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants) through three generations and the four approved monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor, with comparative analysis of their efficacy, safety profiles, and clinical positioning. Beyond migraine, emerging and predominantly preclinical roles of the CGRP system are discussed in chronic pain, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, sepsis, cancer (particularly bone metastases and tumor microenvironment immunomodulation), and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In these areas, the available evidence remains heterogeneous and, in most cases, is not yet sufficient to support clinical translation. Finally, future directions are discussed, including the development of stable CGRP analogs, allosteric modulators, and the potential expansion of therapeutic applications into oncology, intensive care medicine, and neuroprotection.

PMID 42278498
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PubMedBioinformation2026-06-12

Coexistence of medullary and papillary thyroid carcinoma in the same lobe-isthmus complex: A case report.

Murali Giridhar G, Arul Anand Renee Snigdha RS, Kumar Divyanshu D, Premchandrababu Chandramouli Marimangalam CM et al.

The occurrence of coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in a single thyroid lobe is considered to be uncommon. A 47-year-old male presented with progressive anterior neck swelling. Upon imaging, the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was made and the patient underwent total thyroidectomy and right selective neck dissection. Histopathological examination demonstrated that medullary carcinoma was located within the right lobe and follicular variant PTC was located within the left lobe and isthmus regions. Upon evaluation of the cervical lymph nodes, metastatic medullary carcinoma was noted. Confirmation of the presence of calcitonin in the MTC component and thyroglobulin expression in the PTC component through immunohistochemistry illustrated the importance of using meticulous histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis in making accurate diagnoses and providing individualized treatment options.

PMID 42282296
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PubMedCell reports2026-06-12

A hypothalamic VMPO-supraoptic vasopressin circuit mediates procalcitonin-induced fluid imbalance.

Lin Wei W, Liu Tingjun T, Huang Jinfeng J, Li Lanxiang L et al.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by infection-induced organ dysfunction, with fluid imbalance and cardiovascular instability as cardinal features. Although circulating procalcitonin (PCT) is widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in sepsis, its pathophysiological role remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a central neural circuit through which PCT directly disrupts fluid homeostasis: systemic PCT crosses the blood-brain barrier, activates calcitonin receptors, and depolarizes the Oprk1-expressing neurons in the ventromedial preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMPOOprk1). In vivo, PCT administration induces polydipsia and polyuria-phenotypes recapitulated by chemogenetic stimulation of VMPOOprk1 neurons. We demonstrate that VMPOOprk1 neurons project to and activate arginine vasopressin (AVP)-expressing neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SONAVP), leading to increased blood pressure. Together, our findings define a PCT-sensitive VMPOOprk1→SONAVP neural circuit that integrates fluid balance and cardiovascular regulation. Our data highlight critical role of the brain in coordinating organ pathophysiology during infection.

PMID 42284142
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PubMedCureus2026-06-12

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Causing Melena, Gastric Ulcer, Liver Mass, and Hypercalcemia.

Sanchez Jose J JJ, Kashiwagi Deanne D

This is a case of a woman in her 70s who demonstrated an uncommon presentation and consequence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). She presented with a month of generalized weakness and 1-2 weeks of melena. She was found to be anemic and had 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol)-mediated hypercalcemia. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a liver mass. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a gastric ulcer, biopsied without evidence of active bleeding. Liver mass was biopsied. Positron emission tomography scan demonstrated an F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid hepatic mass with an FDG-avid lymphadenopathy above and below the diaphragm. Gastric biopsy was consistent with a lymphoma, and liver biopsy returned positive for DLBCL. She received two units of packed red blood cells. With comorbidities of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, she was judiciously given isotonic saline, calcitonin, prednisone, and denosumab for hypercalcemia.

PMID 42281692
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PubMedCureus2026-06-12

Decoding the Neurological Connection Between Rosacea and Migraines: Exploring Shared Mechanisms.

Arain Aymen A, Babar Maryam M, Martins Nina N, Lee Danny D

Rosacea and migraine are prevalent chronic disorders traditionally viewed as distinct conditions affecting separate organ systems. However, emerging evidence suggests a significant overlap, notably through shared neurovascular and neuroinflammatory pathways. This literature review explores the mechanisms linking rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by facial flushing and sensitivity, and migraine, a neurological disorder marked by recurrent headaches. Current research highlights the critical roles of neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), in mediating inflammation and vascular dysregulation common to both conditions. Despite these advances, notable gaps remain, such as limited data on the impact of migraine treatments (e.g., CGRP inhibitors) on rosacea, unclear reasons behind the selective comorbidity of these conditions, minimal research comparing rosacea to other headache disorders, and methodological limitations across studies. Addressing these gaps through interdisciplinary research holds promise for improved clinical outcomes. This review underscores the importance of recognizing rosacea and migraine as interrelated neurovascular disorders, advocating for integrated therapeutic approaches, and proposing directions for future research.

PMID 42281675
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